Composition and immunological significance of the upper respiratory tract microbiota

Schenck, L. Patrick; Surette, Michael G.; Bowdish, Dawn M. E.

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.12455

Cited by 91 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…114 In a manner analogous to the interaction between pathogens and the microbiota in the intestinal tract, the status of the upper respiratory tract microbiota may be associated with susceptibility to both viral and bacterial upper respiratory tract infections. 115 Additionally, acute upper respiratory tract infection with rhinovirus can alter the microbiota, and it has been suggested that this can lead to increased susceptibility to infections elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as otitis media and pneumonia. 116…”

Section: Inflammatory Bowel Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: an introduction for clinicians

Young

2017

BMJ

408

287

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Research into the microbiome-the indigenous microbial communities (microbiota) and the host environment that they inhabit-has changed clinicians' ideas about microbes in human health and disease. Perhaps the most radical change is the realization that most of the microbes that inhabit our body supply crucial ecosystem services that benefit the entire host-microbe system. These services include the production of important resources, bioconversion of nutrients, and protection against pathogenic microbes. Thus disease can result from a loss of beneficial functions or the introduction of maladaptive functions by invading microbes. This review will show how an understanding of the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota has altered our view of microbes in maintaining homeostasis and causing disease. It will discuss how disruption of the beneficial functions of the microbiota can lead to disease. Methods for studying the microbiota will be introduced as part of a conceptual framework for using these methods to delineate novel roles for microbes in health. Key associations between specific changes in the microbiome and disease will be discussed. This will lead to an explanation of how the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful functions, may lead to novel methods to prevent or treat a variety of diseases. With the explosion of studies relating the microbiome to health and disease, this review aims to provide a foundation for clinicians to follow this developing area of biomedical research.

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Section: Inflammatory Bowel Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: an introduction for clinicians

Young

2017

BMJ

408

287

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In conclusion, as 1) dehydroxynocardamine is not a known virulence factor, 2), C. propinquum is considered a normal part of the nasal microbiota (33, 96, 97), and 3) expression of dnoA-G was detected in vivo ( Fig. 5 ), we propose that C. propinquum produces dehydroxynocardamine as a means to mediate exploitation competition for iron with other bacteria within the human nasal cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Bacterial competition mediated by siderophore production among the human nasal microbiota

Stubbendieck

May

Chevrette

et al. 2018

Preprint

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19Resources available in the human nasal cavity are limited. Therefore, to successfully 20 colonize the nasal cavity, bacteria must compete for scarce nutrients. Competition may 21 occur directly through interference (e.g., antibiotics) or indirectly by nutrient 22 sequestration. To investigate the nature of nasal bacterial competition, we performed 23 co-culture inhibition assays between nasal Actinobacteria and Staphylococcus spp. We 24 found that Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were sensitive to growth inhibition by 25 Actinobacteria but Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to inhibition. Among 26 Actinobacteria, we observed that Corynebacterium spp. were variable in their ability to 27 inhibit S. epidermidis. We sequenced the genomes of ten Corynebacterium spp. 28 isolates, including three Corynebacterium propinquum that strongly inhibited S. 29 epidermidis and seven other Corynebacterium spp. isolates that only weakly inhibited S. 30 epidermidis. Using a comparative genomics approach, we found that the C. propinquum 31 genomes were enriched in genes for iron acquisition and encoded a biosynthetic gene 32 cluster (BGC) for siderophore production, absent in the non-inhibitory Corynebacterium 33 spp. genomes. Using a chromeazurol S assay, we confirmed that C. propinquum 34 produced siderophores. We demonstrated that iron supplementation rescued S. 35 epidermidis from inhibition by C. propinquum, suggesting that inhibition was due to iron 36 restriction through siderophore production. Using comparative metabolomics, we 37 identified the siderophore produced by C. propinquum as dehydroxynocardamine. 38

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“…In conclusion, as (i) dehydroxynocardamine is not a known virulence factor, (ii) C. propinquum is considered a normal part of the nasal microbiota (33,66,67), and (iii) the expression of dnoA to dnoG (dnoA-G) was detected in vivo, we suggest that C. propinquum may produce dehydroxynocardamine as a means to mediate exploitation competition for iron with other bacteria within the human nasal cavity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Competition among Nasal Bacteria Suggests a Role for Siderophore-Mediated Interactions in Shaping the Human Nasal Microbiota

Stubbendieck

May

Chevrette

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Resources available in the human nasal cavity are limited. Therefore, to successfully colonize the nasal cavity, bacteria must compete for scarce nutrients. Competition may occur directly through interference (e.g., antibiotics) or indirectly by nutrient sequestration. To investigate the nature of nasal bacterial competition, we performed coculture inhibition assays between nasal Actinobacteria and Staphylococcus spp. We found that isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were sensitive to growth inhibition by Actinobacteria but that Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to inhibition. Among Actinobacteria, we observed that Corynebacterium spp. were variable in their ability to inhibit CoNS. We sequenced the genomes of 10 Corynebacterium species isolates, including 3 Corynebacterium propinquum isolates that strongly inhibited CoNS and 7 other Corynebacterium species isolates that only weakly inhibited CoNS. Using a comparative genomics approach, we found that the C. propinquum genomes were enriched in genes for iron acquisition and harbored a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for siderophore production, absent in the noninhibitory Corynebacterium species genomes. Using a chrome azurol S assay, we confirmed that C. propinquum produced siderophores. We demonstrated that iron supplementation rescued CoNS from inhibition by C. propinquum, suggesting that inhibition was due to iron restriction through siderophore production. Through comparative metabolomics and molecular networking, we identified the siderophore produced by C. propinquum as dehydroxynocardamine. Finally, we confirmed that the dehydroxynocardamine BGC is expressed in vivo by analyzing human nasal metatranscriptomes from the NIH Human Microbiome Project. Together, our results suggest that bacteria produce siderophores to compete for limited available iron in the nasal cavity and improve their fitness. IMPORTANCE Within the nasal cavity, interference competition through antimicrobial production is prevalent. For instance, nasal Staphylococcus species strains can inhibit the growth of other bacteria through the production of nonribosomal peptides and ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides. In contrast, bacteria engaging in exploitation competition modify the external environment to prevent competitors from growing, usually by hindering access to or depleting essential nutrients. As the nasal cavity is a nutrient-limited environment, we hypothesized that exploitation competition occurs in this system. We determined that Corynebacterium propinquum produces an iron-chelating siderophore, and this iron-sequestering molecule correlates with the ability to inhibit the growth of coagulasenegative staphylococci. Furthermore, we found that the genes required for siderophore production are expressed in vivo. Thus, although siderophore production by Citation Stubbendieck RM, May DS, Chevrette MG, Temkin MI, Wendt-Pienkowski E, Cagnazzo J, Carlson CM, Gern JE, Currie CR. 2019. Competition among nasal bacteria suggests a rol...

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Composition and immunological significance of the upper respiratory tract microbiota

Cited by 91 publications

References 130 publications

The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: an introduction for clinicians

The role of the microbiome in human health and disease: an introduction for clinicians

Bacterial competition mediated by siderophore production among the human nasal microbiota

Competition among Nasal Bacteria Suggests a Role for Siderophore-Mediated Interactions in Shaping the Human Nasal Microbiota

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