Composition and oligosaccharides of a milk sample of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Nakamura, Tadashi; Urashima, Tadasu; Mizukami, Taiji; Fukushima, Michihiro; Arai, Ikichi; Senshu, Tatsudo; Imazu, Koji; Nakao, Tatsuko; Saito, Tadao; Ye, Zhiyong; Zuo, Hong Xiang; Wu, Kui

doi:10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00093-9

Cited by 48 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moisture and milk solids : The moisture levels of the giant panda breast milk samples examined in the present study (67–83%) were similar to the values obtained by Nakamura (78.4%) [22]. The other previous studies of giant panda breast milk provided little information about its moisture content [12, 19, 20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…[12] analyzed the protein, fat, ash and moisture content of giant panda breast milk (total volume: 2 m l ) obtained at 8–9 months after delivery in Madrid Zoo. Similarly, Nakamura et al [22] analyzed the carbohydrate, protein, fat, fatty acid, ash and mineral content of a 3-m l sample of panda breast milk acquired at Adventure World (Shirahama, Japan). Finally, Liu et al [19] collected 11 milk samples from 3 mothers (about 3 m l each) and analyzed their lactose, protein and vitamin levels; however, they did not report the fat or ash content of the samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and the preparation of substitutes

Zhang

Hou

Lan

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The first milk substitute for giant panda cubs was developed in 1988 based on limited data about giant panda breast milk and that of certain types of bear. Mixtures of other formulas have also been fed to cubs at some facilities. However, they are not of sufficient nutritional quality for promoting growth in panda cubs. Here, we report analysis of giant panda breast milk and propose new milk substitutes for cubs, which were developed based on the results of our analysis. The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding obtained breast milk samples from three giant pandas. Up to 30 ml of breast milk were collected from each mother by hand. Then, the milk samples were frozen and sent to Nihon University. The levels of protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, moisture, vitamins, minerals, total amino acids, fatty acids, lactose and other carbohydrates in the milk were analyzed. The breast milk samples exhibited the following nutritional values: protein: 6.6–8.5%, fat: 6.9–16.4%, carbohydrates: 2.5–9.1%, ash: 0.9–1.0% and moisture: 67–83%. We designed two kinds of milk substitutes based on the data obtained and the nutritional requirements of dogs, cats and rodents. The nutritional composition of the milk substitutes for the first and second stages was as follows: protein: 38 and 26%, fat: 40 and 40%, carbohydrates: 13 and 25%, ash: 6 and 6% and moisture: 3 and 3%, respectively. In addition, the substitutes contained vitamins, minerals, taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, lactoferrin, nucleotides and other nutrients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and the preparation of substitutes

Zhang

Hou

Lan

et al. 2016

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, free milk oligosaccharide structures have been characterized in more than 25 mammals. [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] When comparing placental mammals, monotremes and marsupials, it was observed that milk of placental mammals contains large amounts of lactose, which is nearly absent in the other two mammal groups, in which tri-and tetrasaccharides are predominant. Moreover, monotreme milk was observed to be rich in fucose, while this monosaccharide is absent in all marsupials.…”

Section: Phylogeny Based On Milk Oligosaccharide Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current methods for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and their novel applications

Ruhaak

Lebrilla

2013

Metabolomics in Food and Nutrition

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“…Milk oligosaccharides of many mammals have been studied (13,14,(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81). However, studies from non-primate mammals are difficult to compare in quantitative terms because comprehensive profiling have not been performed.…”

Section: Classification Of Primates Based On Milk Oligosaccharide Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and role of oligosaccharides in milk

Ruhaak

Lebrilla

2012

BMB Reports

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Composition and oligosaccharides of a milk sample of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and the preparation of substitutes

Analysis of the breast milk of giant pandas (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and the preparation of substitutes

Current methods for the analysis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and their novel applications

Analysis and role of oligosaccharides in milk

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