Composition and Origin of Smectite in Soils Derived from Basalt in Northern Ireland

Curtin, D.; Smillie, G. W.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1981.0290405

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Theoretical treatments of unit-cell dimensions of layer silicates also suggested that a discontinuity between dioctahedral and trioctahedral clay minerals exists and that minerals with intermediate chemical composition are metastable (Radoslovich, 1962(Radoslovich, , 1963a(Radoslovich, , 1963bRadoslovich and Norrish, 1962;Veitch and Radoslovich, 1963). In some clays, however, smectite with intermediate chemical compositions were reported (Curtin and Smile, 1981;Kodama et al, 1988;Nahon et al,, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Compositional Gap in Dioctahedral-Trioctahedral Smectite System: Beidellite-Saponite Pseudo-Binary Join

Yamada

Yoshioka

Tamura

et al. 1999

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract---A series of hydrothermal experiments were performed to determine the phase relations on the beidettite-saponite pseudo-binary join. Quenched glasses with stoichiometric dehydrated compositions of an Na-rich smectite on the join were heated at 250-500~ for durations of 1-151 d at 100 MPa. Timetemperature diagrams showed that immiscibility occurs between dioctahedral smectite (beidellite) and trioctahedral smectite (saponite) below 400~ Thus, smectite with intermediate chemical composition was considered as metastable in this system. Above 400~ the assemblage of regularly interstratified saponite-chlorite, quartz, and feldspar was recognized in the intermediate chemical compositional region of this join. On the beidellite side of this join, beidellite and mixed-layer phases of smectite and a regular interstratification of montmorillonite-beidellite, are possible phases that occur at <300~ They readily reacted to form a mixture of dioctahedral rectorite plus quartz at 300~ This assemblage then reacted to a dioctahedral "mica", which can expand with glycol and quartz. On the saponite side of this join, a single phase, saponite, existed at <400~ and transformed to saponite plus trioctahedral rectorite with aging and increasing temperature of synthesis. The alteration was affected strongly by the chemical composition of the binary system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Compositional Gap in Dioctahedral-Trioctahedral Smectite System: Beidellite-Saponite Pseudo-Binary Join

Yamada

Yoshioka

Tamura

et al. 1999

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Basalt typically weathers to smectite group minerals (e.g. Curtin and Smillie, 1981;Parra et al, 1985) and modern sediments originating from Siberia (basaltic) are enriched in smectite (Nürnberg et al, 1994;Wahsner et al, 1999). Any volcanic particles present will also tend to weather to smectite (Bayon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Sediment Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay mineralogy, strontium and neodymium isotope ratios in the sediments of two High Arctic catchments (Svalbard)

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The identification of sediment sources to the ocean is a prerequisite to using marine sediment cores to extract information on past climate and ocean circulation. Sr and Nd isotopes are classical tools with which to trace source provenance. Despite considerable interest in the Arctic Ocean, the circum-Arctic source regions are poorly characterised in terms of their Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. In this study we present Sr and Nd isotope data from the Paleogene Central Basin sediments of Svalbard, including the first published data of stream suspended sediments from Svalbard.The stream suspended sediments exhibit considerable isotopic variation (εNd = −20.6 to −13.4; 87 Sr / 86 Sr = 0.73421 to 0.74704) which can be related to the depositional history of the sedimentary formations from which they are derived. In combination with analysis of the clay mineralogy of catchment rocks and sediments, we suggest that the Central Basin sedimentary rocks were derived from two sources. One source is Proterozoic sediments derived from Greenlandic basement rocks which are rich in illite and have high 87 Sr / 86 Sr and low εNd values. The second source is Carboniferous to Jurassic sediments derived from Siberian basalts which are rich in smectite and have low 87 Sr / 86 Sr and high εNd values. Due to a change in depositional conditions throughout the Paleogene (from deep sea to continental) the relative proportions of these two sources vary in the Central Basin formations. The modern stream suspended sediment isotopic composition is then controlled by modern processes, in particular glaciation, which determines the present-day exposure of the formations and therefore the relative contribution of each formation to the stream suspended sediment load. This study demonstrates that the Nd isotopic composition of stream suspended sediments exhibits seasonal variation, which likely mirrors longer-term hydrological changes, with implications for source provenance studies based on fixed endmembers through time.

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“…The authors regarded smectites as unstable: these minerals generally transformed into kaolinite [6,7,13,15]. At Bakrit, smectites are quite abundant in fine size fraction (facies 4) whereas there are little or no smectites at Ifrane.…”

Section: Lithologic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors have generally demonstrated the effect of climate on mineralogic and chemical transformations: in tropical [1][2][3][4][5]. in humid temperate [6][7][8][9][10][11], in arctic [12] and in Mediterranean and arid areas [11, [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering of a Quaternary glass-rich basalt in Bakrit, Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Comparison with a glass-poor basalt

Karrat

Perruchot²,

Macaire³

1998

Geodinamica Acta

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-We compared the disintegration processes and mineralogic and chemical evolution pathways of two Quaternary basalts at Bakrit and Ifrane, weathered in the same physiographic and hydrologic conditions, but differing in texture according to the quantity of glass present. At Bakrit, quite abundant glass favoured the formation of a microfissure network throughout the rock and its disintegration without any distinct weathering front. As a result, basaltic sand with polymineral grains and a clayey-silty matrix were produced. At Ifrane, weathering of a glass-poor basalt produced only a clayey-silty saprolite. In glass-rich basalts, secondary minerals formed in microfissures and were 2/1 clay-mineral rich. In glass-poor basalts, secondary minerals formed mainly within primary minerals and were 1/1 clay-mineral rich. Because glass could be easily dissolved, it protected the minerals of close chemical composition, especially the plagioclases. The order of basalt-mineral weathering (olivine, labrador, augite, Fe-Ti oxides) was modified when glass was abundant (glass, olivine, augite, labrador, Fe-Ti oxides).

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Composition and Origin of Smectite in Soils Derived from Basalt in Northern Ireland

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

Compositional Gap in Dioctahedral-Trioctahedral Smectite System: Beidellite-Saponite Pseudo-Binary Join

Compositional Gap in Dioctahedral-Trioctahedral Smectite System: Beidellite-Saponite Pseudo-Binary Join

Clay mineralogy, strontium and neodymium isotope ratios in the sediments of two High Arctic catchments (Svalbard)

Weathering of a Quaternary glass-rich basalt in Bakrit, Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Comparison with a glass-poor basalt

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