Composition and structure of microbial communities associated with different domestic sewage outfalls

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The diversity of microbiota in waste waters has not been thoroughly examined, despite the potential impact of microbes on effluent quality. Wastewater microbial communities harbor pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. To study microbial communities in domestic sewage outfalls, 454 pyrosequencing technology was used to investigate the composition of microbial communities associated with municipal wastewater during different seasons sampled over the course of one year. A total of 195,103 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from 20 samples. The R software was used to calculate the number of indices describing the alpha diversity associated with each bacterial assemblage. In this study, the a-diversity index (Hꞌ, D, J), in which higher numbers represent more diversity, was found to change with seasonal cycle. The diversity of bacterial assemblages was high Microbial communities in sewage outfalls in all samples, indicating that species diversity was also very high. The taxonomic composition of the assemblages varied considerably among samples, with some dominated by Proteobacteria, while others were dominated by Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes. In 2 samples, the relative prevalence of Proteobacteria exceeded 90%. α-Proteobacteria, b-proteobacteria, and g-proteobacteria represented 90% or more of all Proteobacteria. The present characterization of wastewater from five sewage outfalls indicated the presence of some pathogenic bacteria. The g-Proteobacteria in sewage wastefalls identified in this study included Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Salmonella, Yersinia, Vibrio, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Genetic markers for detection of Escherichia coli K-12 harboring ampicillin-resistance plasmid from an industrial wastewater treatment effluent pond

“…The diversity of microbial communities in an industrial effluent station can be enormous and depends on the compounds present in the environment that can contribute to the growth of microorganisms (Martinez, 2009;Takabatake, 2011). The microbial communities in a water system can be influenced by many factors, including salt concentration, geographical location, season, and rainfall, among others (Jiao et al, 2010;Jakobsson et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014). The main representatives of these microorganisms include Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Spirochetes, and Bacteroidetes, which represent phyla of a variety of Grampositive and negative bacteria, including some opportunists and clinically significant bacterial pathogens .…”

“…The predominant phylum found in China was Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria represented 90% or more of all Proteobacteria (Wang et al, 2014).…”

Performance of three small-scale wastewater treatment plants. A challenge for possible re use

“…Pathogenic bacteria commonly found in wastewater include Salmonella (Wang et al 2014;Espigares et al 2006;Gerardi and Zimmerman 2005;Dumontet et al 2001). The diversity of microbiota of wastewaters has not been thoroughly examined, despite the potential role that microbes have on the quality of effluent (Wang et al 2014). Known and novel viruses have recently been detected for example, by metagenomic studies, making untreated wastewater the most diverse viral metagenome examined so far (Cantalupo et al 2011).…”

“…Pathogenic bacteria and viruses may be present at concentrations as high as 10 6 and 10 10 per gram of wet weight of feces, respectively (Gerardi and Zimmerman 2005;Kokkinos et al 2011). Pathogenic bacteria commonly found in wastewater include Salmonella (Wang et al 2014;Espigares et al 2006;Gerardi and Zimmerman 2005;Dumontet et al 2001). The diversity of microbiota of wastewaters has not been thoroughly examined, despite the potential role that microbes have on the quality of effluent (Wang et al 2014).…”

Impacts of a high-discharge submarine sewage outfall on water quality in the coastal zone of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil)

“…feces) (Ramírez-Álvarez et al, 2007;Law et al, 2013). The discharge of untreated sewage alters the physico-chemical properties of coastal waters and may cause severe contamination of the marine environment (Teodoro et al, 2010;Lapointe et al, 2011), often characterized by high microbial loads, including human pathogens (Lyon et al, 2005;Despland et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014). Visitors of recreational areas such as bathing beaches affected by sewage outfalls (i.e.…”