Composition, enzyme and antioxidant activities of pineapple

Abstract

Three pineapple cultivars smooth cayenne, Tainung 17, and Tainung 19 were processed into flesh, peel, and stem. Nine samples were analyzed for their proximate compositions and bromelain activity existed in their water extracts. Pineapple fleshes were rich in reducing sugars and soluble fiber whereas peel and stem were rich in crude fiber. Stem showed higher bromelain activity (102-247.3 U/mg). All 18 samples including water and ethanol extracts were quite effective in the scavenging ABTS + -and DPPH-radical activities and reducing power as evidenced by their low EC 50 (0.98-15 mg/mL). Water extracts of stem were more effective than their ethanol extracts. The scavenging ABTS + -radical ability was highly related with total phenols and flavonoids. Overall, peel and stem of pineapple showed high amounts of reducing sugars and soluble fiber, and higher bromelain activity and exhibit effective antioxidant activities. These wastes of pineapple would be utilized to develop as a sweet supplement or functional product.

Effects of Pineapple Peel Ethanolic Extract on the Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Surimi Prepared from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

“…The aqueous extract showed the lowest TPC as 831.43 ± 149.81 mg GAE/100 g. This may be explained by the phenolic compounds in the aqueous solvent becoming degraded due to the higher activity of enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and showing low efficiency, whereas these enzymes were inactivated in alcoholic (ethanol) media [ 37 , 38 ] resulting in higher yield of TPC. According to a recent study by Huang et al [ 39 ], the pineapple waste yielded TPC in a range of 2080–3600 mgGAE/100 g and 1100–3000 mgGAE/100 g when extracted with ethanol and water, respectively, which corroborated the result of the current study. In another study, TPC was recorded as 1073 mgGAE/100 g crude extract with 50% ethanol [ 40 ] and 1110 ± 0.01 mgGAE/100 g when extracted with water [ 12 ].…”

Evaluation of Solid-State Fermentation Conditions from Pineapple Peel Wastes to Release of Bioactive Compounds by <em>Aspergillus niger </em>spp.

“…As for the total sugars content, the value reported in the present study is within the reported by Diaz-Vela et al [37] (22.59 ± 1.99), Huang et al [32] (69.5 ± 0.8 -83.4 ± 0. 1), while the results obtained for reducing sugars was lower than reported by Huang et al [32] (38.1 ± 2.20 -41.4 ± 0.65), the accumulation of sugars is attributed to the time of harvest and fruit ripening [35].…”

“…00), however, a higher ash content has been reported by Selani et al [30] (2.24% ± 0.58), on the other hand, Aparecida-Damasceno et al [34] (4.57 ± 0.04), this may be attributed to the fact that they are different varieties of pineapple and are grown in different areas of the country and the world, as well as it may also depend on the type of soil and the time of ripening of the fruit [35]. As for fat content, the value reported in the present work is within the range already reported by different authors, Huang et al [32] (1.5 ± 0.1 -2.8 ± 0.1), Akhtar-Zakaria et al [36] (4.87 ± 0.10), Aparecida-Damasceno et al [34] (1.17 ± 0.08).…”

“…As for moisture content, it was higher and like that reported by Selani et al [30] (3.77 ± 0.52), Morais et al [31] (8.8 ± 0.2), however, it was lower than that reported by Huang et al [32] (12. 04 ± 0.02 -14.43 ± 0.06), for ash content, the value obtained in the present study was like that reported by Sanchez-Prado et al [33] (1.5 ± 0.…”

Recent Updates on the Conversion of Pineapple Waste (Ananas comosus) to Value-Added Products, Future Perspectives and Challenges

“…Composition, enzyme and antioxidant activities of bromelain extracted from three different pineapple varieties showed that stem extract contains higher bromelain activity than peel and flesh. In contrast, peel and stem extract contain higher reducing sugar and soluble fibre [92]. Earlier, Nor et al [76] obtained bromelain from pineapple crude waste mixture with a considerable amount of specific enzyme activity.…”