Composition, in vitro Cytotoxic, and Antimicrobial Activities of the Flower Essential Oil of Diospyros discolor from Taiwan

Abstract

This study investigated the chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil isolated from the flower of Diospyros discolor from Taiwan. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were (2Z,6E)-farnesol (35.0%), α-cadinol (10.9%), (E)-nerolidol (6.9%), α-humulene (6.0%), -cadinol (5.6%), β-caryophyllene (5.3%), and -muurolol (5.3%). The oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human colon, liver, and lung cancer cells. The active compounds were β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, -cadinol, -muurolol, α-cadinol, and (2Z,6E)-farnesol. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested by the disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against ten microbial species. The oil exhibited moderate to strong growth suppression against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones of 40 to 52 mm and MIC values of 31.25-62.5 μg/mL, respectively. For the antimicrobial activities of the oil, the active compounds were determined to be -cadinol, -cadinol, -muurolol and (2Z,6E)-farnesol.

Effect of Achillea santolina essential oil on bacterial biofilm and its mode of action

“…It is also often used in the treatment of bronchitis, sinusitis and rheumatism [33]. Constituting 4.69% of the total ASEO, α-cadinol has been reported to have antimicrobial and antitumor activities in a variety of cell lines [34,35].…”

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Aerial Parts of Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less. and Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC.: Two Asteraceae Herbs Growing Wild in the Hoggar

“…Major oxygenated terpenoids constituents in P. incisa oil, such as chrysanthenone, a-cadinol, and eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1-ol, that were not detected in A. graveolens oil, have shown antimicrobial activity in previous studies; [32] [33] however, a-pinene, cis-chrysanthenol, and T-cadinol were common to both the oils. Hence, the compositional pattern of P. incisa aerial parts oil may have influenced such notable antimicrobial effect against Gram-positives, due to the relative thickness of their cell walls, [1][2] compared with the oil from A. graveolens aerial parts ( Table 3).…”

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity Against Food-Borne Pathogens of Calocedrus formosana Heartwood Essential Oil

“…[30][31][32] Numerous literature supports that the 4 compounds, τ-muurolol, α-cadinol, thymol, and β-thujaplicin, possess excellent antibacterial activities. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The heartwood essential oil was also tested against the 4 food-borne fungal pathogens, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma viride. Figure 1 shows the antifungal indices for the essential oil of the heartwood oil (at a concentration of 100 µg/mL) against the 4 food-borne To determine the compounds of C. formosana heartwood essential oil responsible for the anti-fungal activity, the major components were measured.…”