Composition, isolation, identification and function of adipose tissue-derived exosomes

Zhao, Rui; Zhao, Tiantian; He, Zhaozhao; Cai, Rui; Pang, Wei

doi:10.1080/21623945.2021.1983242

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Next, it is also essential to identify the extracted exosomes for their biomedical application. According to morphological characteristics, size, and marker proteins, the identification approaches of exosomes currently primarily include nanoparticle tracking analysis, scanning electron microscopy or transmission electron microscopy observation, and marker protein expression detection as western blot analysis and flow cytometry [ 81 , 82 ].…”

Section: Current Progress In the Application Of Exosomes To Tbi Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon–bone healing

et al. 2023

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Tendon–bone insertion (TBI) injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament injury and rotator cuff injury, are the most common soft tissue injuries. In most situations, surgical tendon/ligament reconstruction is necessary for treating such injuries. However, a significant number of cases failed because healing of the enthesis occurs through scar tissue formation rather than the regeneration of transitional tissue. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been well documented in animal and clinical studies, such as chronic paraplegia, non-ischemic heart failure, and osteoarthritis of the knee. MSCs are multipotent stem cells, which have self-renewability and the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of cells such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Numerous studies have suggested that MSCs could promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation, reduce inflammation, and produce a large number of bioactive molecules involved in the repair. These effects are likely mediated by the paracrine mechanisms of MSCs, particularly through the release of exosomes. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a lipid bilayer and a membrane structure, are naturally released by various cell types. They play an essential role in intercellular communication by transferring bioactive lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as mRNAs and miRNAs, between cells to influence the physiological and pathological processes of recipient cells. Exosomes have been shown to facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, we discuss the prospective applications of MSC-derived exosomes in TBI injuries. We also review the roles of MSC–EVs and the underlying mechanisms of their effects on promoting tendon–bone healing. At last, we discuss the present challenges and future research directions. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Current Progress In the Application Of Exosomes To Tbi Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon–bone healing

et al. 2023

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“…Ultracentrifugation can be divided into density gradient ultracentrifugation and differential ultracentrifugation ( Konoshenko et al, 2018 ; Gurunathan et al, 2019 ). Differential ultracentrifugation is easy to operate and low in cost ( Zhao R. et al, 2021 ). However, compared with differential centrifugation, the purity of EdSC isolated by density gradient centrifugation is higher ( Shirejini and Inci, 2021 ; Tarasov et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Recent Emerging Novel Tool: Exosome Derived From Stem Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In TME, two electron beams pass through the samples and are subsequently collected and magnified ( Liu Q. et al, 2021 ). However, EdSCs show a saucer-like structure under TME ( Zhao R. et al, 2021 ). Many researchers attribute this phenomenon to the collapse of samples caused by drying during sample processing ( Cizmar and Yuana, 2017 ).…”

Section: Recent Emerging Novel Tool: Exosome Derived From Stem Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… (2) For NTA: NTA can identify the dimension as well as the concentration of EdSC ( Zara et al, 2020 ). The Brownian motion of suspended particles and light scattering are the basic principles of NTA ( Pelissier Vatter et al, 2020 ; Zhao R. et al, 2021 ). By viewing in the mind each very small bit through image observations using either distributed widely light or gave out fluorescence, NTA measures the Brownian motion of person EdSC and connects it to a very small bit size ( Carnino et al, 2019 ; Alzhrani et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Recent Emerging Novel Tool: Exosome Derived From Stem Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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A wound occurs when the epidermis and dermis of the skin are damaged internally and externally. The traditional wound healing method is unsatisfactory, which will prolong the treatment time and increase the treatment cost, which brings economic and psychological burdens to patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to accelerate wound healing. As a cell-free therapy, exosome derived from stem cell (EdSC) offers new possibilities for wound healing. EdSC is the smallest extracellular vesicle secreted by stem cells with diameters of 30–150 nm and a lipid bilayer structure. Previous studies have found that EdSC can participate in and promote almost all stages of wound healing, including regulating inflammatory cells; improving activation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells; and adjusting the ratio of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. We reviewed the relevant knowledge of wounds; summarized the biogenesis, isolation, and identification of exosomes; and clarified the pharmacological role of exosomes in promoting wound healing. This review provides knowledge support for the pharmacological study of exosomes.

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“…These RNAs are transferred from parent cells to recipient cells through exosomes and can exert special functional roles [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. For adipose-secreted exosome, these specific cargoes are mainly molecules related to the metabolites secreted by adipocyte and lipid storage [ 34 ].…”

Section: Composition Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle

Yue

Wang

Cai

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Due to its prominent secretory activity, adipose tissue (AT) is now considered a major player in the crosstalk between organs, especially with skeletal muscle. In which, exosomes are effective carriers for the intercellular material transfer of a wide range of molecules that can influence a series of physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells. Considering their underlying roles, the regulatory mechanisms of adipose-secreted exosomes and their cellular crosstalk with skeletal muscle have received great attention in the field. In this review, we describe what is currently known of adipose-secreted exosomes, as well as their applications in skeletal muscle pathophysiology.

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Composition, isolation, identification and function of adipose tissue-derived exosomes

Cited by 38 publications

References 187 publications

Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon–bone healing

Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as bioactive materials in tendon–bone healing

Exosome derived from stem cell: A promising therapeutics for wound healing

Adipose-Secreted Exosomes and Their Pathophysiologic Effects on Skeletal Muscle

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