Composition of Bioactive Carotenoid, Flavonoid, and Terpene compounds in Selected Fruits: A Mini Review

Abstract

Bioactive substances are secondary metabolites that are produced by plants to protect their body; yet, such substances are able to control metabolic functions and have beneficial effects on the human body. Vitamins, minerals, phenolics, antioxidants, flavonoids, carotenoids, and micronutrients and fiber appear to be responsible for beneficial health effects such as curing diabetics, cardiac ailments, etc. Fruit-extracted/isolated bioactive components are considered to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities, according to research data from a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. As a result, fruits have the potential to be turned into medications and functional foods that may be used to avoid or alleviate a variety of chronic issues. The nutritional and phytochemical composition of fruits is determined by their maturation level, variety, environmental conditions, agricultural practices, and post-harvest handling and processing. This review aims to describe the importance of different fruits as a significant source of phytocompounds, which are being studied in clinical trials to create drugs for curing various human ailments, such as obesity, diabetes, cardiac, and cancer conditions. The vast and varied wealth of fruits may yet include undiscovered and extremely strong bioactive chemicals, which require more investigation.