Composition of Grape Skin Proanthocyanidins at Different Stages of Berry Development

Kennedy, James A.; Hayasaka, Yoji; Vidal, Sergi; Waters, Elizabeth; Jones, Graham P.

doi:10.1021/jf010758h

Cited by 299 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…PAs appear to be synthesized during the first phase of grape berry development, and there is a decline in extractable PA after véraison and throughout ripening, which is thought to be the result of complexation of the PA polymers with other cellular components (Kennedy et al, 2000(Kennedy et al, , 2001Downey et al, 2003a). The level of PA detected in grapes thus represents a balance between accumulation of PA through synthesis and decreased extractability, and may not be a true reflection of biosynthesis in the fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

et al. 2005

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also called condensed tannins, can protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. Two enzymes, leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), can produce the flavan-3-ol monomers required for formation of PA polymers. We isolated and functionally characterized genes encoding both enzymes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz). ANR was encoded by a single gene, but we found two highly related genes encoding LAR. We measured PA content and expression of genes encoding ANR, LAR, and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase in grape berries during development and in grapevine leaves, which accumulated PA throughout leaf expansion. Grape flowers had high levels of PA, and accumulation continued in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. VvANR was expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. It was expressed in berry skin and seeds until the onset of ripening, and in expanding leaves. The genes encoding LAR were expressed in developing fruit, particularly in seeds, but had low expression in leaves. The two LAR genes had different patterns of expression in skin and seeds. During grape ripening, PA levels decreased in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR were no longer detected. The results indicate that PA accumulation occurs early in grape development and is completed when ripening starts. Both ANR and LAR contribute to PA synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the genes encoding ANR and LAR determines PA accumulation and composition during grape berry development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such plant is the grapevine Vitis vinifera, which produces PAs in the seeds and skin of the fruit and in the leaves (Souquet et al, 1996). Furthermore, the amount and composition of PAs varies in different parts of the fruit and at different developmental stages of the berry (Kennedy et al, 2000(Kennedy et al, , 2001Downey et al, 2003a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

et al. 2005

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“…Independentemente dos fatores de variação estudados, verificou-se que o acúmulo de taninos foi maior na casca (Tabela 3), concordando com Kennedy et al (2001), que relataram que as maiores concentrações de taninos ocorrem na casca e nas sementes de uvas e são quase ausentes na polpa. Porém, conforme afirmações de Tecchio et al (2007), as uvas de variedades americanas, como é o caso da 'Bordô', em geral possuem baixos teores de taninos, quando comparadas com as variedades viníferas, evidenciando a baixa aptidão para o amadurecimento e, ou, envelhecimento de seu vinho.…”

Section: Períodos De Colheita (Dias)unclassified

Teores de antocianinas, fenóis totais, taninos e ácido ascórbico em uva 'bordô' sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

2012

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Teores de antocianinas, fenóis totais, taninos e ácido ascórbico em uva 'bordô' sobre...Rev. Ceres, Viçosa, v. 59, n.5, p. 701-708, set/out, 2012 RESUMO ABSTRACT Anthocyanins, total phenols, tannins and ascorbic acid in cv. Bordô grape on different rootstocksThis study aimed to evaluate the content of anthocyanins, total phenols, tannins and ascorbic acid in grape grown onto '420A', 'IAC-766' and 'Ripária-of-Traviú' rootstocks in three different harvest periods. The experiment was conducted in 'Bordo' grapes vineyard in Missal city, Paraná West, in the 2007/2008 harvest. The rootstock effect was evaluated in three periods after flowering: 90 days, with ripening berries , tending to a definite purple; 100 days, with berries completely purple , and 110 days, with berries overripening. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design in randomized blocks. The variables soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenols index, anthocyanins, tannins and ascorbic acid were analyzed. The results showed that in the rootstocks '420A' and 'IAC-766', the 'Bordô' grape showed similar responses for anthocyanins, tannins, acidity and soluble solids accumulation, but the contents of phenolic compounds in the pulp and epidermis of berries were higher in '420A'. On the rootstock 'Ripária-do-Traviú', the 'Bordô' grape showed lower accumulation of anthocyanins, total phenols and tannins in the epidermis. Higher accumulations of ascorbic acid were found in 'Bordô' grapes on the rootstock 'IAC-766'. There is evidence suggesting that the 'Ripária-do-Traviú' rootstock as inferior to others in nutritional and enological aspects. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o conteúdo de antocianinas, fenóis totais, taninos e ácido ascórbico, em variedade de uva 'Bordô', cultivada sobre os porta-enxertos '420A', 'IAC-766' e 'Ripária-do-Traviú', em três períodos de colheita distintos. O experimento foi realizado em vinhedo de uva 'Bordô', no município de Missal, no Oeste do Paraná, na safra 2007/2008. O efeito dos porta-enxertos foi avaliado em três períodos de colheita, a partir da época de floração: 90 dias, com bagas em amadurecimento, tendendo ao roxo definitivo; 100 dias, com bagas totalmente roxas; e 110 dias, com bagas em sobrematuração. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas no tempo. As variáveis analisadas foram sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de fenóis totais, antocianinas, taninos e teor de ácido ascórbico. Os resultados mostraram que, nos porta-enxertos '420A' e 'IAC-766', a uva 'Bordô' apresentou respostas similares em acúmulos de antocianinas, taninos, acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis, mas os acúmulos de fenóis totais, tanto na polpa, quanto na epiderme das bagas, foram maiores no '420A'. Ocorreram menores acúmulos de antocianinas, fenóis totais e taninos da epiderme da uva 'Bordô', quando enxertada em 'Ripária-doTraviú'. Acúmulos superiores de ácido ascórbico foram verificados nas uvas enxertadas em 'IAC-766'. Há evidências que apontam o porta-enxerto 'Ripária-do-Traviú' c...

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“…Os taninos, incluindo as catequinas monoméricas, também se acumulam no primeiro período de crescimento da baga. Estão presentes na casca e na semente e quase ausentes na polpa; são responsáveis por caracteres de amargor e adstringência no vinho e também relevantes na fixação da cor (Kennedy et al, 2001). Há outros componentes, não menos importantes para a qualidade do vinho, que se acumulam na primeira fase de crescimento: minerais, aminoácidos, micronutrientes e componentes do aroma (p.e.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Parâmetros fitotécnicos e condições microclimáticas para videira vinífera conduzida sob dupla poda sequencial

Santos

Hernandes

Pedro

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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R ESU M OA qualidade do vinho depende da qualidade da uva produzida. As condições microclimáticas incidentes no período de crescimento e desenvolvimento da videira, especialmente na fase do estabelecimento do fruto até a colheita, afetam a qualidade do fruto. A dinâmica da água no solo tem papel importante sobre a qualidade do mosto produzido à vinificação. Em São Paulo, nas bacias de maior concentração atual da vitivinicultura ocorre um período chuvoso que se estende de novembro a fevereiro, que alcança grande parte das variedades da região em fase de crescimento e maturação da baga, o que afeta negativamente a qualidade da uva e do vinho, na maioria das safras. Por outro lado, nas mesmas regiões ocorre um período mais favorável, que é o outono/inverno com potencial de soma térmica promissor para o crescimento da videira e com incidência de um longo período de baixa pluviometria, que vai de abril a outubro. Um experimento foi conduzido, objetivando estudar o cultivo da videira nas duas estações microclimáticas descritas. Avaliou-se a composição físico-química do fruto e a condições microclimáticas para maturação da baga da videira, de 2008 a 2010. Os resultados mostraram que as variedades de videira estudas desenvolveram maior potencial de qualidade da baga, quando cultivada no período de outono-inverno, sendo o efeito mais marcante sobre Vitis vinifera.Palavras-chave: Vitis, qualidade da uva, vinho Plant parameters and microclimatic conditions for wine grapes cultivated under sequential double pruning A B ST R A C T The wine quality depends on the quality grapes produced. Actual micrometeorological conditions occurring in the time frame of grapevine growth and development will impact berry quality, especially from berry set to the harvest. Soil-water dynamics plays an important role on the quality grape must achieved at the vinification. In the São Paulo State (Brasil) in the regions of greatest clustering of vintners, there is a marked rainy time-frame from November to February, which matches with the vine time-cycle when the majority of grape varieties are in the berry set to berry maturation bracket, which negatively affects the grape and wine quality in most of the harvests. In contrast, for the same region there is more favorable condition in the autumn/winter time, which has a promise heat summation for proper grape growing, characterized by a long time-frame of low pluviometric rate (April to October). An experiment was conducted aiming at study the cultivation o grapevines in both described "climatic windows". Physico-chemical composition of and microclimatic conditions for berry maturation during 2008 to 2010 were analysed. Results showed that the studied grape varieties developed better berry quality potential when cultivated in the autumn/winter time and this effect was more pronounced for Vitis vinifera.

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Composition of Grape Skin Proanthocyanidins at Different Stages of Berry Development

Cited by 299 publications

References 27 publications

Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

Teores de antocianinas, fenóis totais, taninos e ácido ascórbico em uva 'bordô' sobre diferentes porta-enxertos

Parâmetros fitotécnicos e condições microclimáticas para videira vinífera conduzida sob dupla poda sequencial

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