Composition of heavy metals in indoor dust and their possible exposure: a case study of preschool children in Malaysia

Latif, Mohd Talib; Yong, Saw Mei; Saad, A.B. Mohamed; Mohamad, Noorlin; Baharudin, Nor Hafizah; Mokhtar, Mazlin; Tahir, Norhayati Mohd

doi:10.1007/s11869-013-0224-9

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Given the potential of airborne bioaerosols to cause disease, information on the total concentration of bioaerosol particles is insufficient. In practice, information relating to the particle size distribution is critical (Latif et al 2014). Another important aspect is the dose of inhaled air pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological indoor air quality in an office building in Gliwice, Poland: analysis of the case study

Brągoszewska

Biedroń

Kozielska

et al. 2018

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Bioaerosols play a significant role in indoor air quality (IAQ) as they can be the cause of several health problems, including acute allergies and infectious diseases. This study aimed to characterize and compare the microbial air quality of air-conditioned (AC) and naturally ventilated (NV) office rooms in the Upper Silesia region of Poland. The bacterial samples were collected during the late spring season. Culturable bacteria were deposited on the nutrient media on Petri dishes to investigate the viable-culturable count (VCC) of bacteria and bacterial community structure using a Biolog GEN III system. In total, 12 species of bacteria were identified, with the most isolated Macrococcus equipercicus, Micrococcus luteus D, Staphylococcus xylosus (indoor), and Bacillus species (outdoor). The indoor mean concentrations of bacterial aerosol ranged from 10 2 to 10 3 CFU m −3 , below Polish proposals for threshold limit standards in office buildings. The indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios indicated that studied air pollutants in the office rooms originated from the indoor air. These results, together with community composition of bacteria, indicate that most of the bacteria present in the studied office building were relatively fresh and of human origin. Multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) tests showed that the most antibiotic-resistant features were present in Macrococcus species. The office building exposure dose (OBED) and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of bacteria aerosol were estimated. The highest value of OBED over the study period was obtained for staff working in offices with natural ventilation (141 CFU kg −1 ), in contrast to the value for staff working in offices equipped with air conditioning (about 100 CFU kg −1 ). The MMAD of viable airborne bacteria was higher in AC offices (2.4 μm) than in NV offices (2.2 μm).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological indoor air quality in an office building in Gliwice, Poland: analysis of the case study

Brągoszewska

Biedroń

Kozielska

et al. 2018

Air Qual Atmos Health

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“…Studies on heavy metals in indoor dust in sensitive environment such as schools and nurseries in Malaysia have been conducted by Darus et al (2012) in Shah Alam (Selangor, Malaysia), Latif et al (2014) and Yap et al (2011) in Selangor (Malaysia). All of these studies were more focused on heavy metal composition and source identification of indoor dust in classroom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust From Primary School (Sri Serdang, Malaysia): Estimation of the Health Risks

Praveena

Mutalib

Aris

2015

Environmental Forensics

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Heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, and Cu) in classroom indoor dust were measured. The health risk (non-carcinogenic) of these heavy metals in classroom indoor dust to children was assessed based on United States Environmental Protection Agency health risk model. Indoor classroom dust samples were collected from 21 locations including windows, fans, and floors at a primary school in Sri Serdang, Malaysia. Classroom dust samples were processed using aqua regia method and analyzed for Pb, Cd, and Cu concentrations. The highest average heavy metal concentrations were found in windows, followed by floor and fan. Pb concentrations ranged from 34.17 mg/g to 101.87 mg/g, Cd concentrations ranged from 1.73 mg/g to 7.5 mg/g, and Cu concentrations ranged from 20.27 mg/g to 82.13 mg/g. Ventilation and cleaning process were found as the possible factors that contributed to heavy metal concentration in window, floor, and fan. Moreover, the hazard index (HI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values for heavy metals Cd and Cu were less than one. By contrast, the HI and HQ values for Pb (maximum values) were more than one, indicating potential non-carcinogenic risk to children. Long-term persistence of leaded petrol, building materials, interior paint, school located near industrial areas and major roads, as well as vehicle emission are the factors attributed to the presence of heavy metals in classroom dust. Further research under a long-term monitoring plan and actual values in a health risk model is crucial before a final decision on heavy metal exposure and its relationship to young children health risks can be made. Nevertheless, the findings of this study provide crucial evidence to include indoor dust quality in school assessment because the environmental processes and impacts of surrounding school area have health risk implications on young children.

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“…Heavy metal concentration in indoor-dust can vary greatly between geographic locations and even rooms, and depends on surrounding industries [Lioy et al 2002;Hassan 2012]. Wind-blown dust from surface soil and road dust were the main contributors of heavy metal contents found in indoor dust [Latif et al 2014]. Some metals, such as cobalt, chromium, and nickel can also serve as skin sensitizers leading to contact allergy and dermatitis [Kettelarij et al 2016].…”

Section: Wipe Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of indoor environmental quality with limited surface sampling for metals at an office building.

2019

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Composition of heavy metals in indoor dust and their possible exposure: a case study of preschool children in Malaysia

Cited by 85 publications

References 55 publications

Microbiological indoor air quality in an office building in Gliwice, Poland: analysis of the case study

Microbiological indoor air quality in an office building in Gliwice, Poland: analysis of the case study

Determination of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust From Primary School (Sri Serdang, Malaysia): Estimation of the Health Risks

Evaluation of indoor environmental quality with limited surface sampling for metals at an office building.

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