Composition of<i>Artemisia Annua</i>Essential Oil Obtained from Species Growing Wild in Bulgaria

Tzenkova, R.; Kamenarska, Zornitsa; Draganov, A.; Atanassov, A.

doi:10.2478/v10133-010-0030-6

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The essential oil composition of A. annua in this study was somewhat different from the one in some previous reports (Malik et al, 2009;Tzenkova et al, 2010). For example, the main oil constituents of A. annua in Malik et al (2009) were artemisia ketone, Table 2.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Like with other aromatic plants, A. annua essential oil content and composition is modified by genotype and the environment (Tzenkova et al, 2010), by distillation method (Scheffer, 1993), and by other factors. A recent report (Ferreira et al, 2013) found that the DT affected essential oil content, artemisinin concentration, and antioxidant capacity of the plant residue from distillation of A. annua.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil

Zheljazkov¹,

Astatkie²,

Horgan³

et al. 2013

horts

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Sweet sagewort, also known as sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua L.), contains essential oil and other natural products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight different distillation times (DTs; 1.25 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 80 minutes, and 160 minutes) on A. annua essential oil and its antioxidant capacity. Highest essential oil yield was achieved at 160-minute DT. The concentration of camphor (8.7% to 50% in the oil) was highest at the shorter DT and reached a minimum at 160-minute DT. The concentration of borneol showed a similar trend as the concentration of camphor. The concentrations of some constituents in the oil were highest at 2.5-minute DT (alpha-pinene and camphene), at 10 minutes (paracymene), at 20 minutes (beta-chamigrene and gamma-himachalene), at 80 minutes [transmuurola-4(15),5-diene and spathulenol], at 80- to 160-minute DT (caryophylene oxide and cis-cadin-4-en-ol), or at 160-minute DT (beta-caryophyllene, transbeta-farnesene, and germacrene-D). The yield of individual constituents reached maximum at 20- to 160-minute DT (camphor) at 80- to 160-minute DT [paracymene, borneol, transmuurola-4(15),5-diene, and spathulenol], or at 160-minute DT (for the rest of the oil constituents). DT can be used to attain A. annua essential oil with differential and possibly targeted specific chemical profile. The highest antioxidant capacity of the oil was obtained at 20-minute DT and the lowest from the oil in the 5-minute DT. This study suggests that literature reports on essential oil content and composition of A. annua could be compared only if the essential oil was extracted at similar DTs. Therefore, DT must be reported when reporting data on essential oil content and composition of A. annua.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil

Zheljazkov¹,

Astatkie²,

Horgan³

et al. 2013

horts

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“…Important constituents of A. annua are essential oil components, which are present in leaves in concentrations between 0.04 and 1.9% on a dry matter basis. Among the major components in the oil are camphor, 1,8-cineole and artemisa ketone (Tzenkova et al, 2010). Essential oils often show strong antimicrobial properties in vitro, which is the reason why these compounds have gained much attention regarding their potential as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (Botsoglou et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2004;Brenes & Roura, 2010;Franz et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect ofArtemisia annuaon broiler performance, on intestinal microbiota and on the course of aClostridium perfringensinfection applying a necrotic enteritis disease model

et al. 2012

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The aerial parts of the plant Artemisia annua contain essential oils having antimicrobial properties against Clostridium perfringens Type A, the causal agent for necrotic enteritis in broilers. In two experiments, the influence of increasing dietary concentrations of dried A. annua leaves (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) and n-hexane extract from fresh A. annua leaves (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) on broiler performance was investigated. Dried plant material decreased feed intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner, and 10 and 20 g/kg diet tended to improve the feed conversion ratio. The n-hexane extract also reduced feed intake, but broiler weight tended to decrease only at the highest dietary concentration. The feed conversion ratio tended to improve when birds received 250 and 500 mg/kg n-hexane extract. In a third experiment, a necrotic enteritis disease model was applied to investigate the effect of the dietary addition of dried A. annua leaves (10 g/kg on top) or n-hexane extract of A. annua (250 mg/kg) on the severity of the disease in broilers. The addition of n-hexane extract reduced the intestinal C. perfringens numbers and the severity of the disease-related small intestinal lesions. Over the infection period from day 17 to day 27, birds supplemented with the n-hexane extract gained more weight than both the challenged control birds and birds receiving dried plant material. The results indicate that n-hexane extracts derived from A. annua can modulate the course of necrotic enteritis and compensate to a certain extent for the disease-associated weight losses.

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“…To avoid loss of volatile monoterpenes, α-pinene, eucalyptol, and camphor were extracted and analyzed directly with the same GC-MS system and column using a modified method of Tzenkova et al (2010): inlet, 250°C; transfer line, 280°C; oven temperature, 40°C held for 5 min, then increased to 100°C at 4°C/min, then increased to 300°C at 25°C/min and held for 5 min.…”

Section: 0 Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in key constituents of clonally propagated Artemisia annua L. during preparation of compressed leaf tablets for possible therapeutic use

Weathers

Towler

2014

Industrial Crops and Products

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Artemisia annua L., long used as a tea infusion in traditional Chinese medicine, produces artemisinin. Although artemisinin is currently used as artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) against malaria, oral consumption of dried leaves from the plant showed efficacy and will be less costly than ACT. Many compounds in the plant have some antimalarial activity. Unknown, however, is how these plant components change as leaves are processed into tablets for oral consumption. Here we compared extracts from fresh and dried leaf biomass with compressed leaf tablets of A. annua. Using GC-MS, nineteen endogenous compounds, including artemisinin and several of its pathway metabolites, nine flavonoids, three monoterpenes, a coumarin, and two phenolic acids, were identified and quantified from solvent extracts to determine how levels of these compounds changed during processing. Results showed that compared to dried leaves, artemisinin, arteannuin B, artemisinic acid, chlorogenic acid, scopoletin, chrysoplenetin, and quercetin increased or remained stable with powdering and compression into tablets. Dihydroartemisinic acid, monoterpenes, and chrysoplenol-D decreased with tablet formation. Five target compounds were not detectable in any of the extracts of this cultivar. In contrast to the individually measured aglycone flavonoids, using the AlCl3 method, total flavonoids increased nearly fivefold during the tablet formation. To our knowledge this is the first study documenting changes that occurred in processing dried leaves of A. annua into tablets. These results will improve our understanding of the potential use of not only this medicinal herb, but also others to afford better quality control of intact plant material for therapeutic use.

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Composition ofArtemisia AnnuaEssential Oil Obtained from Species Growing Wild in Bulgaria

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil

Distillation Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Sagewort (Artemisia annua L.) Oil

The effect ofArtemisia annuaon broiler performance, on intestinal microbiota and on the course of aClostridium perfringensinfection applying a necrotic enteritis disease model

Changes in key constituents of clonally propagated Artemisia annua L. during preparation of compressed leaf tablets for possible therapeutic use

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