Composition of joint fluid in patients undergoing total knee replacement and revision arthroplasty: correlation with flow properties

Mazzucco, Dan; Scott, Richard D.; Spector, Myron

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.11.023

Cited by 124 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The maintenance of the boundary-lubricating ability of SF, at the cartilagecartilage interface tested here, even at a 3-fold dilution, suggests that the lubricant molecules in SF are normally present in excess. However, the rapid decline in boundarylubricating ability with a further decrease in constituent concentration suggests that such an alteration, which can occur in the settings of both injury and disease (28)(29)(30)32,33,53), can impair lubricating function. The combination of the SF constituents HA, PRG4, and SAPL at physiologic concentrations approaching, but not fully replicating, the boundary-lubricating ability of SF suggests that additional lubricant molecules and/or complexes remain to be identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, using a rabbit knee injury model, the concentration of PRG4 in SF decreased from 280 g/ml to 20-100 g/ml 3 weeks after injury (32). The majority of the lipids in human SF are phospholipids, the concentration of which ranges from ϳ0.1 mg/ml to ϳ0.2 mg/ml in normal individuals, increases in osteoarthritis to ϳ0.2-0.3 mg/ml (28), and can decrease following traumatic injury to ϳ0.02-0.08 mg/ml (33). While most phospholipids are surface active, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is particularly so and is the most abundant form present in SF at ϳ45% (6,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The concentration of HA in human SF ranges from 1-4 mg/ml in healthy individuals (27,28) and decreases after effusive joint injury (29) and in arthritic disease to ϳ0.1-1.3 mg/ml (28,30). The concentration of PRG4 in human SF ranges from 52 g/ml to 350 g/ml postmortem and from 276 g/ml to 762 g/ml in SF obtained from patients undergoing arthrocentesis procedures (31).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Schmidt

Gastelum

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

480

510

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Objective. To determine whether the synovial fluid (SF) constituents hyaluronan (HA), proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), and surface-active phospholipids (SAPL) contribute to boundary lubrication, either independently or additively, at an articular cartilage-cartilage interface.Methods. Cartilage boundary lubrication tests were performed with fresh bovine osteochondral samples. Tests were performed using graded concentrations of SF, HA, and PRG4 alone, a physiologic concentration of SAPL, and various combinations of HA, PRG4, and SAPL at physiologic concentrations. Static ( static, Neq ) and kinetic (< kinetic, Neq >) friction coefficients were calculated.Results. Normal SF functioned as an effective boundary lubricant both at a concentration of 100% (< kinetic, Neq > ‫؍‬ 0.025) and at a 3-fold dilution (< kinetic, Neq > ‫؍‬ 0.029). Both HA and PRG4 contributed independently to a low in a dose-dependent manner. Values of < kinetic, Neq > decreased from ϳ0.24 in phosphate buffered saline to 0.12 in 3,300 g/ml HA and 0.11 in 450 g/ml PRG4. HA and PRG4 in combination lowered further at the high concentrations, attaining a < kinetic, Neq > value of 0.066. SAPL at 200 g/ml did not significantly lower , either independently or in combination with HA and PRG4. Conclusion. The results described here indicate that SF constituents contribute, individually and in combination, both at physiologic and pathophysiologic concentrations, to the boundary lubrication of apposing articular cartilage surfaces. These results provide insight into the nature of the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage by SF and its constituents. They therefore provide insight regarding both the homeostatic maintenance of healthy joints and pathogenic processes in arthritic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Schmidt

Gastelum

Nguyen

et al. 2007

Arthritis & Rheumatism

480

510

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“…Altered levels of SF lubricants are associated with damaged articular cartilage surfaces, accelerating the development and progression of OA and RA (3,33). Several studies have investigated the functions, chemical structures, and concentrations of HA and lubricin, 2 lubricants in SF that are believed to mediate the boundary-lubricating ability of SF (3,4,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Lipidomic Study of Phospholipid Classes and Species in Human Synovial Fluid

Kosinska

Liebisch

Lochnit

et al. 2013

Arthritis & Rheumatism

170

201

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Objective. Membrane phospholipid species contribute to boundary lubrication that is provided by synovial fluid (SF). Altered levels of lubricants can be associated with increased friction, leading to articular cartilage damage. This study was undertaken to determine whether the composition of phospholipid species is altered in diseases of human knee joints.Methods. The study was performed using SF from unaffected controls and patients with early osteoarthritis (OA), late OA, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lipids were extracted from cell-and vesicle-free SF from 9 control donors postmortem and from 17 patients with early OA, 13 patients with late OA, and 18 patients with RA. Phospholipid species were quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.Results. We conducted lipidomic analysis to provide the first detailed overview of phospholipid species in human SF. We identified 130 lipid species belonging to 8 lipid classes (phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, plasmalogens, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin, and ceramide). Compared to SF from controls, SF from patients with early OA and those with late OA had higher levels of most phospholipid species. Moreover, the concentrations of 64 and 27 phospholipids differed between RA and early OA SF and between RA and late OA SF, respectively. Also, the levels of 66 phospholipid species were altered in early OA versus late OA.Conclusion. Our data indicate disease-and stagedependent differences in the relative composition and levels of phospholipid species in human SF. Such alterations might affect articular joint lubrication. Because certain phospholipids scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are pro-or antiinflammatory, any altered phospholipid level might influence ROS-scavenging activity of SF and the inflammatory status of joints. Thus, phospholipids may be associated with the pathogenesis of OA.

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“…41 Another study measured the hyaluronate content of patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR) at 0.9 AE 0.4 mg/mL. 42 Both lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synoviocyte cells, and superficial zone protein, a related proteoglycan secreted by articular chondrocytes, contribute to the boundary lubrication of articular cartilage. 43 Other boundary lubricants in synovial fluid are controlled by the filtration of serum as it passes through the joint capsule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The entrapment of corrosion products from CoCr implant alloys in the deposits of calcium phosphate: A comparison of serum, synovial fluid, albumin, EDTA, and water

Lewis

Kilburn

Heard

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Physical wear of orthopedic implants is inevitable. CoCr alloy samples, typically used in joint reconstruction, corrode rapidly after removal of the protective oxide layer. The behavior of CoCr pellets immersed in human serum, foetal bovine serum (FBS), synovial fluid, albumin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), EDTA in PBS, and water were studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The difference in the corrosive nature of human serum, water, albumin in PBS and synovial fluid after 5 days of immersion was highlighted by the oxide layer, which was respectively 15, 3.5, 1.5, and 1.5 nm thick. The thickness of an additional calcium phosphate deposit from human serum and synovial fluid was 40 and 2 nm, respectively. Co and Cr ions migrated from the bulk metal surface and were trapped in this deposit by the phosphate anion. This may account for the composition of wear debris from CoCr orthopedic implants, which is known to consist predominantly of hydroxy-phosphate compounds. Known components of synovial fluid including proteoglycans, pyrophosphates, phospholipids, lubricin, and superficial zone protein (SZP), have been identified as possible causes for the lack of significant calcium phosphate deposition in this environment. Circulation of these compounds around the whole implant may inhibit calcium phosphate deposition. ß

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Composition of joint fluid in patients undergoing total knee replacement and revision arthroplasty: correlation with flow properties

Cited by 124 publications

References 49 publications

Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

Boundary lubrication of articular cartilage: Role of synovial fluid constituents

A Lipidomic Study of Phospholipid Classes and Species in Human Synovial Fluid

The entrapment of corrosion products from CoCr implant alloys in the deposits of calcium phosphate: A comparison of serum, synovial fluid, albumin, EDTA, and water

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