Composition of nasal airway surface liquid in cystic fibrosis and other airway diseases determined by X-ray microanalysis

Vanthanouvong, Viengphet; Kozlova, Inna; Johannesson, Marie; Nääs, E.; Nordvall, S. L.; Dragomir, Anca; Roomans, Godfried M.

doi:10.1002/jemt.20310

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In contrast, the Cl − concentration was significantly elevated in the CF samples (Supplemental Fig. S2), in agreement with a recent study [28]. Similarly, the NO 3 − concentration tended to be elevated in the ASL of CF patients compared to that of non-CF subjects (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A recent study also reported elevated Cl − in the nasal ASL of CF patients [28]; however, elevated Cl − levels were also found in the nasal ASL of non-CF patients with rhinitis [28]. Thus, increased Cl − concentration in the ASL may be a general sign of airway inflammation [28]. Our ASL analysis also revealed that the NO 3 − concentration tended to be elevated in the nasal secretions of CF subjects (Supplemental Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…S2). A recent study also reported elevated Cl − in the nasal ASL of CF patients [28]; however, elevated Cl − levels were also found in the nasal ASL of non-CF patients with rhinitis [28]. Thus, increased Cl − concentration in the ASL may be a general sign of airway inflammation [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration of the antibacterial precursor thiocyanate in cystic fibrosis airway secretions

Lorentzen

Durairaj

Pezzulo

et al. 2011

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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A recently discovered enzyme system produces antibacterial hypothiocyanite (OSCN − ) in the airway lumen by oxidizing the secreted precursor thiocyanate (SCN − ). Airway epithelial cultures have been shown to secrete SCN − in a CFTR-dependent manner. Thus, reduced SCN − availability in the airway might contribute to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene and characterized by an airway host defense defect. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the SCN − concentration in the nasal airway surface liquid (ASL) of CF patients and non-CF subjects, and in the tracheobronchial ASL of CFTR-ΔF508 homozygous pigs and control littermates. In the nasal ASL, the SCN − concentration was ~30-fold higher than in

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Concentration of the antibacterial precursor thiocyanate in cystic fibrosis airway secretions

Lorentzen

Durairaj

Pezzulo

et al. 2011

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…We also found that tracheal fluid in transgenic ∆F508-CFTR mice had a significantly higher content of Na and Cl than tracheal fluid in control mice [28] and that nasal fluid from CF-patients had a higher content of Na and Cl than nasal fluid of healthy controls, a difference that was in part due to the defective CFTR in CF-patients [29]. These findings are in line with studies by Reddy et al [30] and Kunzelmann et al [31] stating that activation of the epithelial Na + -channel (ENaC) requires activation of CFTR, hence in cultured CF cells, the activity of ENaC would be expected to be reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

X-ray Microanalysis of Apical Fluid in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cell Lines

Kozlova¹,

Nilsson²,

Henriksnäs³

et al. 2006

Cell Physiol Biochem

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The ionic composition of the fluid lining the airways (airway surface liquid, ASL) in healthy subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been a matter of controversy. It has been attempted to resolve conflicting theories by using cell cultures, but published results show a wide variety of values for the ionic concentrations in the apical fluid in these cultures. To investigate CFTR-mediated HCO 3 -conductance and the role of HCO 3 - in regulating ASL pH we determined the pH of the fluid covering the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. A normal (16HBE14o - ) and a CF (CFBE41o - ) bronchial epithelial cell line were grown on membrane inserts in both a liquid-liquid interface culture system for 7 days, and in an air-liquid interface culture system for one month. The elemental composition of the fluid covering the apical surface was determined by X-ray microanalysis of frozen-hydrated specimens, or by X-ray microanalysis of Sephadex beads that had been equilibrated with the apical fluid. Analysis showed that the apical fluid had a Na + and Cl -concentration of about 80-100 mM and thus was slightly hypotonic. The ionic concentrations were somewhat higher in air-liquid interface than in liquid-liquid interface cultures. The apical fluid in CF cells had significantly higher concentrations of Na and Cl than that in control cultures. In control cultures, the concentrations of Na and Cl in the apical fluid increased if glibenclamide, an inhibitor of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was added to the apical medium. Exposing the cells to the metabolic inhibitor NaCN also resulted in a significant increase of the Na and Cl concentrations in the apical fluid. The results agree with the notion that these cell cultures are mainly absorptive cells, and that ion absorption by the CF cells is reduced compared to that in normal cells. The pH measurements of the fluid covering the apical part of cell cultures support the notion that bicarbonate ions may be transported by CFTR, and that this can be inhibited by specific CFTR inhibitors.

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“…In the one study that compared particle sizes from both healthy and infected individuals, 71 it was found that particles from infected individuals were larger than those from healthy individuals. Disease-induced changes, such as increases in mucus composition, quantity and viscosity, have also been observed, 2,117,118 which may suggest that the increase in size is directly related to increases in mucus viscosity. Differences in mucus composition at the mucuseair interface may be accountable for the inter-individual variability observed in studies of different respiratory activities.…”

Section: Mucus Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: A review

Gralton

Tovey

McLaws

et al. 2011

Journal of Infection

618

638

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Understanding respiratory pathogen transmission is essential for public health measures aimed at reducing pathogen spread. Particle generation and size are key determinant for pathogen carriage, aerosolisation, and transmission. Production of infectious respiratory particles is dependent on the type and frequency of respiratory activity, type and site of infection and pathogen load. Further, relative humidity, particle aggregation and mucus properties influence expelled particle size and subsequent transmission. Review of 26 studies reporting particle sizes generated from breathing, coughing, sneezing and talking showed healthy individuals generate particles between 0.01 and 500 μm, and individuals with infections produce particles between 0.05 and 500 μm. This indicates that expelled particles carrying pathogens do not exclusively disperse by airborne or droplet transmission but avail of both methods simultaneously and current dichotomous infection control precautions should be updated to include measures to contain both modes of aerosolised transmission.

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Composition of nasal airway surface liquid in cystic fibrosis and other airway diseases determined by X-ray microanalysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Concentration of the antibacterial precursor thiocyanate in cystic fibrosis airway secretions

Concentration of the antibacterial precursor thiocyanate in cystic fibrosis airway secretions

X-ray Microanalysis of Apical Fluid in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cell Lines

The role of particle size in aerosolised pathogen transmission: A review

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