Composition of Soil Micromycetes in Different Systems of Soil Maintenance in Grape Plantations

Abstract

The aim of the research was to study the composition of soil micromycetes with different systems of soil maintenance on vine plantations. The studies were carried out in the farms of Anapa district of Krasnodar Kray according to generally accepted methods in soil science and mycology. The scientific novelty lies in the insufficient knowledge of soil fungi of ampelocenoses under conditions of increased anthropogenic impact. As a result of research in 2019, it was found that the largest number of colony-forming units of micromycetes in the soil was observed in the variant with sodding. The number of КОЕ in 1 gram of absolutely dry soil in the variant with sodding in May exceeded the variant with black fallow by 5 times, and in August by 2 times. Species diversity was represented by 11 species belonging to 8 genera: Mucor, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Vertecillium. In the complex of the isolated micromycetes in the variant with sodding in the spring, the species of r. Trichoderma. Its frequency of occurrence was 80%. On the black fallow in this period, the dominant position was occupied by the species of the r. Penicillium (30.4%). In the summer period, in the variant with turfing, the species of the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Vertecillium were isolated with a higher frequency of occurrence, while the dominant position was occupied by species of the r. Penicillium (27.4%). In the variant with the system of soil maintenance, black fallow species dominated Penicillium and Aspergillus. The number of micromycetes in the soils of ampelocenoses depends on the system of soil maintenance and environmental conditions, while a regrouping of the species composition of fungi is observed.