Composition of toxicants and other constituents in yard or sludge composts from the same community as a function of time-of-waste-collection

Lisk, Donald J.; Gutenmann, Walter H.; Rutzke, Michael; Kuntz, H. Thomas; Doss, George J.

doi:10.1007/bf00212557

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Genus and species Yield (MgÁha -1 ) y N removal (kgÁha -1 ) y P removal (kgÁha -1 ) N:P ratio Eghball and Power, 1999; (2) Eghball et al, 2005; (3) Larney et al, 2006;(4) Zvomuya et al, 2006;(5) He et al, 2004;(6) Kleinman et al, 2002;(7) Montgomery et al, 2005;(8) Toth et al, 2006;(9) DeLaune et al, 2006;(10) Faucette et al, 2004;(11) Read et al, 2006;(12) Sleugh et al, 2006;(13) McAndrews et al, 2006;(14) Gagnon, 2004;(15) Sikora and Enkiri, 2005;(16) Singer et al, 2004;(17) Jaber et al, 2006;(18) Lisk et al, 1992a;(19) Lisk et al, 1992b;(20) Michel and Reddy, 1998;(21) Felton et al, 2004;(22) Klock-Moore, 2000.…”

Section: Crop (Common Name)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Sources and Management in Organic Production Systems

Nelson

Janke

2007

hortte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organically produced fruit and vegetables are among the fastest growing agricultural markets. With greater demand for organically grown produce, more farmers are considering organic production options. Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in maintaining optimal production in an organic system, which involves appropriate nutrient management. The objectives of this review were to summarize the current state of our knowledge concerning effects of organic production systems on phosphorus (P) availability, describe P availability in common organically accepted P sources, and review best management practices that can reduce environmental risks associated with P management in organic systems. Organic production systems seek to improve soil organic matter and biological diversity, which may impact P cycling and P uptake by crops. Increases in organic matter will be accompanied by an increase in the organic P pool. Furthermore, management of cover crops and potentially enhanced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization from organic production practices can increase the availability of soil P pool (both organic and inorganic) by stimulating microbial activity and release of root exudates. This can help compensate for low soil P, but will not supersede the need to replace P removed by the harvested crop. Phosphorus fertilization in organic production systems entails balancing the P inputs with crop removal through selection and management of both nitrogen (N) and P inputs. Organic production systems that rely on manure or composts for meeting crop N demand will likely have a P surplus; therefore, P deficiencies will not be an issue. Systems using other N sources may have a P deficit, therefore requiring P supplementation for optimal plant growth. In such situations, maintenance P applications equal to crop removal should be made based on soil test recommendations. Primary organically approved P sources are phosphate rock (PR), manure, and compost. Phosphate rock is most effective at supplying P in soils with low pH (less than 5.5) and low calcium concentrations. Phosphate rock applications made to soils with pH greater than 5.5 may not be effective because of reduced PR solubility. Manure- and compost-based P has high plant availability, ranging from 70% to 100% available. Use of manures and composts requires extra considerations to reduce the risk of P loss from P sources to surface waters. Best management practices (BMPs) for reducing source P losses are incorporation of the manures or composts and timing applications to correspond to periods of low runoff risk based on climatic conditions. Organic production systems that use manures and composts as their primary N source should focus on minimizing P buildup in the soils and use of management practices that reduce the risks of P loss to surface waters. Evaluation of P loss risk with a P index will assist in identification of soil and management factors likely to contribute to high P loss as well as BMPs that can decrease P loss risks. BMPs should focus on controlling both particulate and dissolved P losses.

show abstract

Section: Crop (Common Name)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Sources and Management in Organic Production Systems

Nelson

Janke

2007

hortte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Being a building block of amino acids, and hence proteins, sulphur is also present in the organic material (mostly ester-bonded or carbon bonded). Various studies report a total sulphur concentration in waste sludge between 0.3 and 2.3% on a dry solid basis (Sommers et al, 1977;Lisk et al, 1992;Gutenmann et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Total Sulphur Content in Full-Scale Wastewater Sludge Treatment

Dewil

Baeyens

Roels

et al. 2009

Environmental Engineering Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present research studies the evolution of sulphur concentrations during wastewater treatment for various full-scale treatment plants and reveals that a significant amount of S is released as highly soluble sulphates with the sludge water during sludge thickening when sludge is still in aerobic conditions. During digestion, sulphur concentrations in the sludge (expressed as mg S=kg of dry solids) generally increased due to destruction of organic material, and relatively low release of H 2 S. During sludge dewatering following anaerobic digestion, only a minor fraction of sulphur is found in sludge water, because sulphates have already been reduced into insoluble sulphides. To limit the sulphur concentration in the waste sludge, it is beneficial to extensively dewater the sludge when still under aerobic conditions, that is, before long-term sludge storage. If anaerobic digestion is used, the formation of sulphides is inevitable, as insoluble sulphides, and to a lesser extent H 2 S.

show abstract