Composition, spatial distribution and sources of plastic litter on the East China Sea floor

Song, Zhangyu; Yao, Chenyang; Xu, Jingfang; Zhu, Lixin; Peng, Guyu; Li, Daoji

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140525

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Hydrodynamic processes such as gravity currents, thermohaline currents, bottom currents, seafloor gyres and downwelling processes, are important for the transport and redistribution of marine litter on the seafloor, with entrainment of litter possible in turbulent flows that can cause higher litter densities in submarine canyons in comparison to the continental slope (Galgani et al, 2000;Ramirez-Llodra et al, 2011;Ioakeimidis et al, 2014;Tubau et al, 2015;Woodall et al, 2015;Buhl Mortensen and Buhl Mortensen, 2017;Kane and Clare, 2019;Pierdomenico et al, 2019b, Kane et al, 2020Pierdomenico et al, 2020). Downwelling processes have been found to responsible for the vertical transport of litter in the South China Sea, where fishing activity is a notable source of pollution (Zhang et al, 2020). A substantial portion of plastic litter entering the ocean is now found deposited and/or buried in ocean sediments with marine sediments being a major sink of plastic pollution in the ocean (Kane and Fildani, 2021;Martin et al, 2022).…”

Section: Transport Of Litter Into the Deep Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine litter in submarine canyons: A systematic review and critical synthesis

Hernández¹,

Davies

Huvenne

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The presence of marine litter is of concern in submarine canyons, although research in this area is still in its infancy. A critical synthesis and literature review selecting studies with primary data of benthic marine litter at depths of over 50 m revealed important gaps in the knowledge, with information on the impact of macroplastics in deep-sea environments still scarce. Less than 1% of medium to large submarine canyons mapped have been studied in any measure for marine litter, with over 91% of the canyon studies located in European waters. Imaging techniques are now the main tools used for sampling, overtaking trawling methods despite the continued growth of the latter for marine litter deep-sea research. Enumeration of litter was diverse with over 75% using abundance for quantification. Despite the existence of litter protocols available for deep-sea environments, over 73% of studies did not use any. There was no standardization in the implementation of established classification protocols, which were either not used in full or were customized in part. Fishing-related categories do not feature as a top-level category in the classification hierarchy in any of the protocols, yet over 50% of publications featured fishing materials as a main category, pointing to a more intuitive activity-based categorization of litter instead of a materials-led approach from the established protocols. Furthermore, interactions between litter and the surrounding environment and biota are very much underreported with little or no consensus between how the data are analyzed and expressed. There were no discernible patterns between litter density, composition and broad geographical location of canyons, with individual topographical characteristics, hydrodynamic regimes and anthropogenic activities being determining factors in how submarine canyons are affected by litter. Overall, there is no apparent framework to allow comparison of studies and due to the different methods of identifying, enumerating, quantifying and classifying marine litter, or lack of data on position and morphological setting within the canyon system. The evidence provided within this study highlights a ‘call to action’ for an urgent need to standardize and unify methodologies with new or established protocols to fully understand the impact of marine litter in submarine canyons.

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Section: Transport Of Litter Into the Deep Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine litter in submarine canyons: A systematic review and critical synthesis

Hernández¹,

Davies

Huvenne

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The polymer types such as nylon, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride identi ed using ATR-FTIR. [102] examined that presence of microplastic concentrations of 5.9 particles/L, 27 items/kg, in water, and sediments respectively), and their distribution of microplastic is 99%. The particle size range of 0.33-2 mm in water, 2 mm in sediments of the red hills lake, India.…”

Section: Microplastic (Mps) In Beaches Shores and Coastlinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microplastics (MPs) are profuse in the marine environment, including marine sediments, beach and seawater ; MPs in sea salt [92][93][94]; in riverine systems [98][99]; microplastic in lake water and sediments [100][101].Twenty -ve review papers were published related to microplastic in marine environments during 2010-2020. Research on microplastics using bibliometric analysis [102], microplastic pollution in sedimentary marine environments [4,[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111], microplastics and their ecotoxicological effects on biota [112][113][114][115][116], physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics [117][118] sampling and analytical techniques of microplastics [119][120][121][122][123][124], Action plan for extenuating land based plastic marine pollution [125]. The present review aims (i) to emphasize the ndings on the concentration of microplastic in marine sediments, beach sand, seawater, sea salts, freshwater lake, riverine and biota.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microplastics pollution studies in India: a recent review of sources, abundances and research perspectives

Perumal

Muthuramalingam

2021

Preprint

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Purpose: Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous, persistent pollutants that are reported in abundance in all environments and biota. This review highlights the identification, distribution and concentration of microplastics in all aquatic environments and biota in the India region which is one of the least studied with only forty-four papers published on microplastics during 2013-2020 in the web of science. Results: The present review focuses on the concentration of microplastics in different aquatic environments such as 3096 items/kg in marine sediments, 106 items/kg in biota, 59 items/L in seawater, 175 items/kg in sea salt, 33.9 items/L in lake water, 336 items/kg in lake sediments, 288 pieces/m3 in river water, and 328 items/kg in river sediments. Conclusion: Consequently, we studied the distribution and occurrence of pollution from MPs in coastal and freshwater environments such as rivers, lakes and biota. Therefore, we propose extending studies in all the above areas of microplastics knowing that there are many unique aquatic habitats and species that are yet unexplored. For future research, we suggest new methods for sampling MPs in all marine ecosystems and biota. Assessing research in each of these ways will allow suggesting a microplastic threshold level and devising control initiatives to minimize plastic consumption and its eventual hazard to the aquatic ecosystem. Moreover enforcing strict laws, enhancing legal initiatives, well-planned comprehensive waste management policies and spontaneous public engagement are essential to create awareness of marine plastic pollution and reduce the adverse effects of land-based plastics.

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“…Plastics have a wide impact on human lifestyle, being utilized for producing packages, soft bottles, textiles, toys, electronic devices, and numerous other important or less important products; this is attributed to general plastic properties that they are light, durable, resistant to corrosion by most chemicals, and easy to be processed and that they have low production cost on a large-scale level (Andrady and Rajapakse, 2016;Ibeh, 2011). Since the invention of plastic products, commercial plastic production has surged from 1.5 million tons in 1950 to 348 million tons in 2018 (Bellas and Gil, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). The most commonly used plastics in our daily life are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) with plastic identification code from 1 to 6, respectively, accounting for around 81% of the total European plastic demand in 2016 (Yu et al, 2016;Strungaru et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trash-to-fuel: Converting municipal waste into transportation fuels by pyrolysis

Schräder

2022

iScience

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Composition, spatial distribution and sources of plastic litter on the East China Sea floor

Cited by 23 publications

References 67 publications

Marine litter in submarine canyons: A systematic review and critical synthesis

Marine litter in submarine canyons: A systematic review and critical synthesis

Microplastics pollution studies in India: a recent review of sources, abundances and research perspectives

Trash-to-fuel: Converting municipal waste into transportation fuels by pyrolysis

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