Palm leaves serve as a traditional recording medium and are widespread in south and southeast Asia, and they have a long history. However, they are sensitive to environmental fluctuations, especially moisture, which may severely affect their conservation status. In this research, the moisture absorption behaviors of palm leaves in different states, including raw, treated, naturally aged, and artificially aged ones, were investigated by intelligent gravimetric analysis (IGA) and water retention value (WRV) to analyze their moisture absorption characteristics. Mathematical model was employed to fit and analyze their water adsorption curves, aiming to explore the content and distribution of the adsorbed water in monolayered and multilayered. Then, the chemical and physical properties of different palm leaves were studied by chemical composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (low-field NMR), and the relationship between moisture absorption characteristics and their chemical composition and physical structures was analyzed. The results demonstrated that both treatment and aging processes could have a noticeable impact on the moisture absorption of palm leaves, as evidenced by reduced equilibrium moisture content (EMC) at high relative humidity (RH), decreased multilayer water adsorption content, and slightly increased monolayer water adsorption content. Besides, palm leaves exhibit a lower rate of moisture adsorption, at ∼30−50% RH, which facilitates their long-term conservation. The results of chemical and physical analyses revealed that the reduced content of hydrophilic groups was the primary reason for a decrease in palm leaves moisture absorption. Additionally, the fiber structure changes of palm leaves caused by treatment or aging may have different influences on their moisture adsorption, especially the content of monolayer adsorbed water.
