Composition, structure and size distribution of suspended particulates from the Rhine River

Lartiges, Bruno; Deneux-Mustin, S; Villemin, G.; Mustin, Christian; Barrès, Odile; Chamerois, Manuel; Gerard, B.; Babut, Marc

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00293-1

Cited by 71 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Resinembedded samples were prepared for TEM observation. The samples, first fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmiumtetroxide, were passed through stepwise acetone dehydration,before being impregnated in a graded series ofepoxy resin monomer in acetone solutions, and finallypolymerized in molds at 60 °C for 24 h [28] . Sections (100 nm thick) were cut on a ReichertOM U2 ultramicrotome with a diamond knife, stainedwith lead citrate and uranyl acetate, and placed oncopper grids for TEM examination.…”

Section: ) Structure Investigations Ofsuspended Matter and Bacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biofilms and Suspended Matter in the Sewer System: Examination at Various Scales

2017

IJSR

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Abstract:The nature and architecture of suspended matter (SM) and bacterial biofilms collected in Greater Nancy sewer system were investigated alongtwo years. Samples were taken from three sewer sections from upstream to downstream. Samples characterizations were conducted at millimetric scale using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and nanometric scale using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Several physicochemical and bacterial parameters were studied such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total bacteria, total suspended solid (TSS), volatile matter (VM) and particle size distribution of SM. The concentration of DOC decreases along the sewer from upstream to downstream. No clear evolution was found in total bacterial number along sewer. TSS was mainly composed of VM, and was found to decrease along the sewer. The temporal evolution of wastewater quality at a given sampling site shows no obvious change in total bacterial number. DOC and TSS concentrations were highest at midday, and decreases to reach their lowest value at 6h00. The volume size distribution of SM evolves from a multimodal distribution at upstream to a monomodal one at downstream of the sewer system. This decrease of particle size along sewer is likely related to the settling of SM and not to the degradation of suspended organic matter. Microscopic investigations indicated that SM and biofilm have similar composition (bacterial cells, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), cellulose fibers, cell lyses detritus, organo-mineral detritus and mineral particles). Nevertheless, they have different 3D architectures. In SM, cellulose fibers form a skeleton for bacterial aggregates and biomass formation, within which bacteria may biodegrade fibers. The structural quantification revealed an open and patchy SM with 0.8 as porosity and 45% as coverage surface. Whereas, biofilms were more compact and denser than SM (porosity 0.55, coverage surface 92%). Water channels were identified through the biofilm depth with a decrease of areal porosity from the top to the bottom. Cellulose fibers were embedded in EPS matrix andbacterial division participates to biofilm growth. Viruses including bacteriophages were encountered within biofilms which may be considered as a potential reservoir of pathogenic viruses, especially during combined sewer overflows. Exchanges between SM and biofilms have been proven. On one handby the transfer of cellulose fibers from sewage to biofilms. On the other hand by the detachment of some parts from mature biofilms and their transport in sewage.

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Section: ) Structure Investigations Ofsuspended Matter and Bacterialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biofilms and Suspended Matter in the Sewer System: Examination at Various Scales

2017

IJSR

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“…A summary of studies that applied the concept of fractal dimension to environmental colloidal particles and the technique used is given in elsewhere (Filella, 2007 ). Clearly, only a few studies have applied the concept of fractal dimension to non -fractionated or colloidal environmental samples such as fl uvial particulate matter (Lartiges et al , 2001 ), marine snow, diatom blooms, estuarine and marine suspended particles, or biological aggregates in wastewater treatment plants. The majority of studies have used synthetic particles such as iron oxide, goethite (Hackley and Anderson, 1989 ), hematite (Amal et al , 1992 ;Zhang and Buffl e, 1996 ), montmorilonite or fractionated organic compounds (Chakraborti et al , 2003 ;Ö sterberg and Mortensen, 1992 ;Rice et al , 1999 ;Rice and Lin, 1993 ;Senesi et al , 1996Senesi et al , , 1997.…”

Section: Fractal Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, aggregation of colloidal particles in natural waters results in the formation of large, fractal and permeable aggregates (Section 4.4.4 ) (Johnson et al , 1996a ;Lartiges et al , 2001 ). Thus, Stokes ' law is not suitable to describe the settling behaviour of natural colloidal aggregate.…”

Section: Sedimentation Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fractal aggregates in natural waters have a heterogeneous mass distribution and porosity, resulting from the coagulation of small and more densely packed clusters into larger and overall less dense aggregates (Johnson et al , 1996a ;Lartiges et al , 2001 ). Pores formed within the fractal aggregate will permit greater interior fl ow through the aggregate, resulting in a faster settling velocity.…”

Section: Sedimentation Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Colloids and Nanoparticles in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Baalousha

Lead

Kammer

et al. 2009

Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology

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“…Lartiges et al (2001) report for the Rhine at Lauterbourg, France, values of OC content between 1Ð2% and 4Ð6%. Goni et al (2005) report for Winyah Bay, South Carolina, particulate OC content across a range of approximately 1-3%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of soil erosion and freshwater suspended solid estimates for continental‐scale environmental modelling

Pistocchi¹

2007

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:In modelling the environmental fate of chemicals, suspended matter in surface water may play a relevant role as it controls the partitioning of substances between dissolved and adsorbed form. This is particularly important for hydrophobic/non-polar chemicals with high octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow).For a wide class of chemicals, it is then important to evaluate suspended solids concentration in surface waters in order to model the mechanisms of their transport in the environment. Reported values of suspended particulate matter (SPM) or total suspended solids (TSS) range from less than 1 to more than 200 mg l 1 , with peaks even orders of magnitude higher. A number of studies highlight that a huge variability is intrinsic for this parameter. Nevertheless, predictive models and estimation methods have been proposed that can provide information on relevant spatial patterns of SPM or TSS. The paper examines two families of models, namely models oriented to sediment concentration or flux estimates and models oriented to soil erosion estimates, which have been widely used at the European scale. Predicted sediment concentration from these models is compared with available TSS and SPM measurements. The analysis points out how soil erosion oriented models can be seen as favourable to depict the fate of pollutants removed from soil, while sediment yield oriented models better fit for pollutants directly emitted to water and then subject to sequestration by solids. Based on the results of the analyses, a blueprint for description of the sediment compartment in chemical fate and transport models is proposed.

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Composition, structure and size distribution of suspended particulates from the Rhine River

Cited by 71 publications

References 50 publications

Bacterial Biofilms and Suspended Matter in the Sewer System: Examination at Various Scales

Bacterial Biofilms and Suspended Matter in the Sewer System: Examination at Various Scales

Natural Colloids and Nanoparticles in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

An assessment of soil erosion and freshwater suspended solid estimates for continental‐scale environmental modelling

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