Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis

Abstract

Background: Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep have been shown to be associated with cardio-metabolic health. However, these associations are typically studied in isolation or without accounting for the effect of all movement behaviours and the constrained nature of data that comprise a finite whole such as a 24 h day. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between the composition of daily movement behaviours (including sleep, sedentary time (ST), light intensity physical activity (LIPA) and moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA)) and cardio-metabolic health, in a cross-sectional analysis of adults with pre-diabetes. Further, we quantified the predicted differences following reallocation of time between behaviours. Methods: Accelerometers were used to quantify daily movement behaviours in 1462 adults from eight countries with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg·m − 2 , impaired fasting glucose (IFG; 5.6-6.9 mmol·l − 1 ) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 7.8-11.0 mmol•l − 1 2 h following oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT). Compositional isotemporal substitution was used to estimate the association of reallocating time between behaviours. (Continued on next page)Results: Replacing MVPA with any other behaviour around the mean composition was associated with a poorer cardio-metabolic risk profile. Conversely, when MVPA was increased, the relationships with cardiometabolic risk markers was favourable but with smaller predicted changes than when MVPA was replaced. Further, substituting ST with LIPA predicted improvements in cardio-metabolic risk markers, most notably insulin and HOMA-IR.Conclusions: This is the first study to use compositional analysis of the 24 h movement composition in adults with overweight/obesity and pre-diabetes. These findings build on previous literature that suggest replacing ST with LIPA may produce metabolic benefits that contribute to the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the asymmetry in the predicted change in risk markers following the reallocation of time to/from MVPA highlights the importance of maintaining existing levels of MVPA.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01777893).

Changes in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and body composition: longitudinal analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus trial

“…Limited research using the ISM in older adults is available and only, isolated reports in general adult populations with chronic conditions, such as the MetS [44,45], or using data from DXA scans are available [32]. However, no research using the same methods as this study in older adults has been found, limiting the opportunities for comparison.…”

Targeting body composition in an older population: do changes in movement behaviours matter? Longitudinal analyses in the PREDIMED-Plus trial

“…Limited research using the ISM in older adults is available, and only isolated reports in general adult populations with chronic conditions, such as the MetS [ 44 , 45 ], or using data from DXA scans are available [ 32 ]. However, no research using the same methods as this study in older adults has been found, limiting the opportunities for comparison.…”

A High-Protein, Low Glycemic Index Diet Suppresses Hunger but Not Weight Regain After Weight Loss: Results From a Large, 3-Years Randomized Trial (PREVIEW)

“…Therefore, it remains an unanswered question if there are longterm effects of different exercise intensities on subjective appetite sensations. Further analyses on associations between PA and appetite irrespective of allocation are needed (62). Furthermore, as standard meals were not provided, all our results were based on memory recall of overall appetite sensations in the fasting and postprandial state during the previous week.…”