Compositional analysis of the glycosaminoglycan family in velvet antlers of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) at different growing stages

Takeda-Okuda, Naoko; Mizumoto, Shuji; Zhang, Zui; Kim, Soo‐Ki; Lee, Chi H.; Jeon, Byong-Tae; Hosaka, Yoshinao Z.; Kadomatsu, Kenji; Yamada, Shuhei; Tamura, Jun’ichi

doi:10.1007/s10719-019-09859-1

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is also worth noting that proteoglycans in endochondral ossification were observed and that they appear to persist unaltered in the calcified cartilage core of the trabeculae, until the primary spongiosa is replaced by the secondary spongiosa [24]. There are age and site related differences in the extent of proteoglycans isolated aggregates in cephalic, epiphyseal, and articular cartilages, in growing sheep [25] and deer (Cervus Nippon) [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related functional changes of total thyroid hormones and glycosaminoglycans in growing calves

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: During the physiological growing, thyroid and proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan (GAG) changes dynamically occur, according to genetic and non-genetic factors. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of early postnatal development (10 days) until 210 days of life on the triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), the relative T4:T3 ratio, and GAGs profile, and to define the different reference intervals of the calf's development through the various growing phases. Materials and Methods: The effect of growing on total thyroid hormones and GAG profiles was studied from 10 days to 210 days of age in 64 clinically healthy Brown calves, 30 males and 34 females. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 days of age. Results: The results showed a significant effect of a calf's growth on T3, T4, and GAG values (p<0.0001). Significant correlations between T3 and T4 were observed. Compared to the previous time point, T3 showed a significant decrease at 20 days and at 60 days (p<0.01), while a significant increase was observed at 90 days and 210 days (p<0.05); T4 showed a significant decrease at 20 days (p<0.01), while significant increases were observed at both 180 days and 210 days (p<0.05); GAGs showed a significant increase at 120 days and 210 days (p<0.05). Positive and significant correlations between BW and GAGs in both males (p<0.0057) and females (p<0.0059) were observed. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the highest T3 and T4 concentrations have been associated with the early growing process (10 days), with an increasing trend also at 210 days, it is possible to hypothesize a probable metabolic effect of thyroid function in anabolic and/or catabolic directions during the calves' development. Likewise, it can be reasonably inferred that the highest plasma GAGs at 210 days may be due to their metabolic role during the development of growing calves. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential and relative contribution made by thyroid and GAGs effects on the dynamics of growing calves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related functional changes of total thyroid hormones and glycosaminoglycans in growing calves

et al. 2020

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“…Mesenchymal tissues in sika deer of three periods of three healthy adult males deer aged 5 years were collected for RNA isolation, which were placed into clean RNase-free Eppendorf tubes and immediately stored in liquid nitrogen. When the antler grew to a saddle-like appearance, the mesenchymal tissues in left antler were collected as early period (30 d) (Takeda-Okuda et al, 2019). The 60 d is the mesenchymal tissues in right antler, which grew with two branches.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Mesenchyme Tissue in Sika Deer Antler Revealed the CeRNAs Regulatory Network Associated With Antler Development

Han

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

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Deer antler is the only completely regenerable organ in mammals. During the rapid growth period, the antler proliferates even faster than cancerous tissue growth. However, the proliferation and development of antler have been in a stable and controllable growth cycle. In this study, we analyzed the time series expression data of nine samples from mesenchyme layer in three male sika deer in the early period of the antler with a saddle-like appearance (30 days), the rapid growth period of the antler with two branches (60 days), and the final period of the antler with three branches (90 days). Whole Transcriptome sequencing results show that in the 30 d versus 60 d group, 1,464 genes, 85 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 61 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed; 1,748 genes, 138 lncRNAs, and 78 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in 30d versus 90d group; and 816 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 49 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs), and 24 differentially expressed miRNA (DE miRNAs) were identified in 60d versus 90d group. A total of 182 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs and 89 miRNA-lncRNA interaction pairs were screened from DEGs, DE miRNAs, and DE lncRNAs to construct the ceRNA regulatory network (ceRNET). In summary, we identified candidate mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs that regulate the development of antler tip. It may lay the foundation for further investigating the molecular mechanism of antler rapid growth and development.

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“…Study on the content and composition of GAGs, especially CS/DS, in animal tissues has been carried out for decades on various species from both vertebrates and invertebrates (Cahyadi et al, 2022; Higashi et al, 2015; Muthusamy et al, 2004; Okazaki et al, 1992; Sundaresan et al, 2018; Suzuki et al, 2019; Takeda‐Okuda et al, 2019; Takeda et al, 2016; Toledo & Dietrich, 1977; Vasan et al, 1983; Volpi, 2004; Yamada et al, 2011). In addition, investigations of their biological roles at the cellular and molecular levels have also been carried out progressively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study on the content and composition of GAGs, especially CS/DS, in animal tissues has been carried out for decades on various species from both vertebrates and invertebrates [1,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, investigations of their biological roles at the cellular and molecular levels have also been carried out progressively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and quantitative analyses in sulfated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, during 3T3‐L1 adipocytes differentiation

Cahyadi,

Warita,

Takeda‐Okuda

et al. 2023

Animal Science Journal

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Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) is a member of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) found in animal tissues. Major CS/DS subclasses, O, A, C, D, and E units, exist based on the sulfation pattern in d‐glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine repeating units. DS is formed when GlcA is epimerized into l‐iduronic acid. Our study aimed to analyze the CS/DS profile in 3T3‐L1 cells before and after adipogenic induction. CS/DS contents, molecular weight (Mw), and sulfation pattern were analyzed by using high‐performance liquid chromatography. CS/DS synthesis‐ and sulfotransferase‐related genes were analyzed by reverse transcription real‐time PCR. CS/DS amount was significantly decreased in the differentiated (DI) group compared to the non‐differentiated (ND) group, along with a lower expression of CS biosynthesis‐related genes, chondroitin sulfate N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 and 2, as well as chondroitin polymerizing factor. GAGs in the DI group also showed lower Mw than those of ND. Furthermore, the A unit was the major CS/DS in both groups, with a proportionally higher CS‐A in the DI group. This was consistent with the expression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 12 that encodes chondroitin 4‐O‐sulfotransferase, for CS‐A formation. These qualitative and quantitative changes in CS/DS and CS/DS‐synthases before and after adipocyte differentiation reveal valuable insights into adipocyte development.

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Compositional analysis of the glycosaminoglycan family in velvet antlers of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) at different growing stages

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Age-related functional changes of total thyroid hormones and glycosaminoglycans in growing calves

Age-related functional changes of total thyroid hormones and glycosaminoglycans in growing calves

Whole Transcriptome Analysis of Mesenchyme Tissue in Sika Deer Antler Revealed the CeRNAs Regulatory Network Associated With Antler Development

Qualitative and quantitative analyses in sulfated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, during 3T3‐L1 adipocytes differentiation

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