Compositional and contextual factors associated with drug overdose deaths in the United States

Retracted: Longitudinal Study on Deterrent Effect of Drug-Induced Homicide Law on Opioid-Related Mortality Across 92 Counties and the District of Columbia in the U.S.

“…Health insurance, in contrast, could be a double-edged sword by offering individuals a chance for substance abuse treatment, while providing access to prescription opioid pills (Confer et al, 2021). While most studies suggest that opioid-related death rate is inversely associated with a rate of uninsured adults (Kedia et al, 2020;Langabeer, Chambers, Cardenas-Turanzas, & Champagne-Langabeer, 2020), Barbaresco et al (2015) report that increased health insurance coverage may promote risky health behavior such as drinking. In addition to socioeconomic indices, the concurrent escalation of prescription opioid and overall opioid mortality rates has been well-documented in the literature and government reports (CDC, 2017;Weisberg, Becker, Fiellin, & Stannard, 2014).…”

Patient-Level and County-Level Trends in Nonfatal Opioid-Involved Overdose Emergency Medical Services Encounters — 491 Counties, United States, January 2018–March 2022

“…Counties with the lowest percentage of uninsured persons represented the only quartile without a significant increase in the rate of nonfatal opioid-involved overdoses. A previous study found that drug overdose mortality was elevated in U.S. Census Bureau tracts with higher rates of uninsured persons (8); however, in the current analysis, the quartile with the second highest percentage of uninsured persons had the highest rate and largest overall rate increase in nonfatal opioid-involved overdoses. Persons who are uninsured might be less likely to use EMS after an overdose; a study in Wisconsin found that Medicaid expansion resulted in an increase in the share of opioid-related ED visits covered by Medicaid among men aged 19-49 and women aged 19-29 years (9).…”

Regulation/Non-Regulation/Dys-Regulation of Health Behavior, Psychological Reactance, and Health of University Undergraduate Students

“…Regarding linear prediction hypotheses using the structural model, one especially interesting result was the prediction from context to health behavior (SRH, NRH, and DRH) in the three types. Certain prior studies have already documented the importance of context in health behaviors [ 81 , 82 ]. Also, of interest was the negative prediction of self-regulating health behavior on non-regulating health behavior, and the positive prediction of non-regulating health behavior on dysregulating health behavior.…”