Compositional and Functional <scp>MRI</scp> of Skeletal Muscle: A Review

Hooijmans, Melissa T.; Schlaffke, Lara; Bolsterlee, Bart; Schlaeger, Sarah; Marty, Benjamin; Mazzoli, Valentina

doi:10.1002/jmri.29091

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2023

DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29091

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Compositional and Functional MRI of Skeletal Muscle: A Review

Melissa T. Hooijmans,

Lara Schlaffke,

Bart Bolsterlee

et al.

Abstract: Due to its exceptional sensitivity to soft tissues, MRI has been extensively utilized to assess anatomical muscle parameters such as muscle volume and cross‐sectional area. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (qMRI) adds to the capabilities of MRI, by providing information on muscle composition such as fat content, water content, microstructure, hypertrophy, atrophy, as well as muscle architecture. In addition to compositional changes, qMRI can also be used to assess function for example by measuring muscl… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 113 publications

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“…An important advance over recent decades is that body composition measurements can now be extended far past assessments of whole component volume and mass to chemical and cellular compositions. Examples include brown adipose tissue within the total body adipose tissue component [19], intermuscular adipose tissue and intramyocellular lipids within skeletal muscles [20,21], intrahepatic lipid in liver [22], white and gray matter in the brain [23], muscle microarchitecture [24], and vast numbers of metabolites [21]. These kinds of capabilities extend traditional body composition analysis to estimation of an organ or tissues "quality" in vivo.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances in body composition: a 100-year journey

Heymsfield

2024

Int J Obes

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Knowledge of human body composition at the dawn of the twentieth century was based largely on cadaver studies and chemical analyses of isolated organs and tissues. Matters soon changed by the nineteen twenties when the Czech anthropologist Jindřich Matiegka introduced an influential new anthropometric method of fractionating body mass into subcutaneous adipose tissue and other major body components. Today, one century later, investigators can not only quantify every major body component in vivo at the atomic, molecular, cellular, tissue-organ, and whole-body organizational levels, but go far beyond to organ and tissue-specific composition and metabolite estimates. These advances are leading to an improved understanding of adiposity structure-function relations, discovery of new obesity phenotypes, and a mechanistic basis of some weight-related pathophysiological processes and adverse clinical outcomes. What factors over the past one hundred years combined to generate these profound new body composition measurement capabilities in living humans? This perspective tracks the origins of these scientific innovations with the aim of providing insights on current methodology gaps and future research needs.

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confidence: 99%

Advances in body composition: a 100-year journey

Heymsfield

2024

Int J Obes

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Exercise MR of Skeletal Muscles, the Heart, and the Brain

Hooijmans,

Jeneson,

Jørstad

et al. 2024

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) is routinely used to evaluate organ morphology and pathology in the human body at rest or in combination with pharmacological stress as an exercise surrogate. With MR during actual physical exercise, we can assess functional characteristics of tissues and organs under real‐life stress conditions. This is particularly relevant in patients with limited exercise capacity or exercise intolerance, and where complaints typically present only during physical activity, such as in neuromuscular disorders, inherited metabolic diseases, and heart failure. This review describes practical and physiological aspects of exercise MR of skeletal muscles, the heart, and the brain. The acute effects of physical exercise on these organs are addressed in the light of various dynamic quantitative MR readouts, including phosphorus‐31 MR spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) of tissue energy metabolism, phase‐contrast MRI of blood flow and muscle contraction, real‐time cine MRI of cardiac performance, and arterial spin labeling MRI of muscle and brain perfusion. Exercise MR will help advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms that contribute to exercise intolerance, which often proceed structural and anatomical changes in disease. Its potential to detect disease‐driven alterations in organ function, perfusion, and metabolism under physiological stress renders exercise MR stress testing a powerful noninvasive imaging modality to aid in disease diagnosis and risk stratification. Although not yet integrated in most clinical workflows, and while some applications still require thorough validation, exercise MR has established itself as a comprehensive and versatile modality for characterizing physiology in health and disease in a noninvasive and quantitative way.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 1

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Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type R1 (LGMDR1): A prospective longitudinal cohort study

Forsting,

Wächter,

Froeling

et al. 2024

NMR in Biomedicine

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Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) type R1 (LGMDR1) is the most common subtype of LGMD in Europe. Prospective longitudinal data, including clinical assessments and new biomarkers such as quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), are needed to evaluate the natural course of the disease and therapeutic options. We evaluated eight thigh and seven leg muscles of 13 LGMDR1 patients (seven females, mean age 36.7 years, body mass index 23.9 kg/m2) and 13 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched controls in a prospective longitudinal design over 1 year. Clinical assessment included testing for muscle strength with quick motor function measure (QMFM), gait analysis and patient questionnaires (neuromuscular symptom score, activity limitation [ACTIVLIM]). MRI scans were performed on a 3‐T MRI scanner, including a Dixon‐based sequence, T2 mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. The qMRI values of fat fraction (FF), water T2 relaxation time (T2), fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity were analysed. Within the clinical outcome measures, significant deterioration between baseline and follow‐up was found for ACTIVLIM (p = 0.029), QMFM (p = 0.012). Analysis of qMRI parameters of the patient group revealed differences between time points for both FF and T2 when analysing all muscles (FF: p < 0.001; T2: p = 0.016). The highest increase of fat replacement was found in muscles with an FF of between 10% and 50% at baseline. T2 in muscles with low‐fat replacement increased significantly. No significant differences were found for the diffusion metrics. Significant correlations between qMRI metrics and clinical assessments were found at baseline and follow‐up, while only T2 changes in thigh muscles correlated with changes in ACTIVLIM over time (ρ = −0.621, p < 0.05). Clinical assessments can show deterioration of the general condition of LGMDR1 patients. qMRI measures can give additional information about underlying pathophysiology. Further research is needed to establish qMRI outcome measures for clinical trials.

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Compositional and Functional MRI of Skeletal Muscle: A Review

Cited by 6 publications

References 113 publications

Advances in body composition: a 100-year journey

Advances in body composition: a 100-year journey

Exercise MR of Skeletal Muscles, the Heart, and the Brain

Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging in limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type R1 (LGMDR1): A prospective longitudinal cohort study

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