Compositional and histological comparison of carbonate apatite fabricated by dissolution–precipitation reaction and Bio-Oss®

Abstract

Carbonate apatite (COAp) is an inorganic component of bone. This study aimed to compare the composition and tissue response to of COAp (COAp-DP) fabricated by the dissolution-precipitation reaction using calcite as a precursor and Bio-Oss®, which is widely used in orthopedic and dental fields as a synthetic bone substitute. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared results showed that COAp-DP and Bio-Oss® were both B-type carbonate apatite with low crystallinity. The average sizes of COAp-DP and Bio-Oss® granules were 450 ± 58 and 667 ± 168μ m, respectively, and their carbonate contents were 12.1 ± 0.6 and 5.6 ± 0.1 wt%, respectively. COAp-DP had a larger amount of CO than Bio-Oss® but higher crystallinity than Bio-Oss®. When a bone defect made at the femur of rabbits was reconstructed with COAp-DP and Bio-Oss®, COAp-DP granules were partially replaced with bone, whereas Bio-Oss® remained at 8 weeks after implantation. COAp-DP granules elicited a significantly larger amount of new bone formation at the cortical bone portion than Bio-Oss® at 4 weeks after the implantation. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that COAp-DP and Bio-Oss® showed different behavior even though they were both classified as COAp. The CO content in COAp played a more important role than the crystallinity of COAp for replacement to bone and high osteoconductivity.

Histological comparison of three apatitic bone substitutes with different carbonate contents in alveolar bone defects in a beagle mandible with simultaneous implant installation

“…In fact, Spence et al () reported that higher carbonate content led to an increased osteoclastogenesis and allowed resorption of the substitute in a dose dependent manner in vivo. Further, Fujisawa et al () reported that the size of the CO 3 Ap granules became smaller with implantation time in vivo. The resorption of bone or dissolution of apatite elevates Ca 2+ concentration since both bone and apatite are composed of calcium phosphate.…”

“…The CO 3 Ap block fabricated in an aqueous solution upregulated osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow cells, and was resorbed by osteoclasts (Ishikawa, ; Kanayama et al, ; Nagai et al, ; Spence, Patel, Brooks, Bonfield, & Rushton, ). Fujisawa et al () reported that the CO 3 Ap showed faster bone formation especially in the cortical bone portion than Bio‐Oss, a bovine‐derived xenograft, at 8 weeks after implantation in the bone defect of a rabbit femur. These results clearly demonstrated the potential value of the CO 3 Ap block as an alternative to autografts.…”

Argon Plasma Surface Modified Porcine Bone Substitute Improved Osteoblast-Like Cell Behavior

“…All samples were characterized as apatite without any other types of crystalline phases. Both samples had similar patterns, with pronounced peaks between 473 and 700 cm −1 [35], and absorption peaks ascribed to phosphatase band peaks at 962, 1051, and 1089 cm −1 (Figure 5). The results of the FTIR and XRD characterization analysis of sintered PGPT and porcine control particles agreed with a study done by Figueiredo et al which compared the physicochemical properties of bone substitutes used in dentistry vs. calcined human bone.…”

Comparison of the vertical bone defect healing abilities of carbonate apatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and bovine-derived heterogeneous bone

“…Compared with HA and β-TCP, carbonate apatite (CO 3Ap) can also be easily substituted for bone because its hydroxyl group is replaced with a carbonate group, and it therefore produces a skeleton has a porous microstructure that is morphologically similar to that of human cancellous bone 7) . CO3Ap granules show greater bone formation in the cortical portion of a bone defect than Bio-Oss, which is a deproteinized bovine bone mineral 8) . CO3Ap has also shown faster bone healing than HA via the activation of bone metabolism, which stimulates bone matrix formation by osteoblasts and bone absorption by osteoclasts 9) .…”