Compositional changes in developing rape seed (Brassica napus L.)

Norton, G.; Harris, John F.

doi:10.1007/bf00383865

Cited by 130 publications

(97 citation statements)

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“…This is in agreement with previous studies on B. napus seed development where the authors concluded that the aqueous soluble fraction increased to a maximum at 5 WAF and then declined (Norton and Harris, 1975). After this period, protein content increased dramatically, reaching approximately 10% of fresh seed weight at 6 WAF, also in agreement with a previous report (Norton and Harris, 1975). Measurements of seed fresh weight and protein content at five different stages indicate that selected time points are representative of the seed-filling phase of development.…”

Section: Characterization Of Developing B Napus Seedsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…B. napus seeds produce oil and protein as the main storage compounds out of the three principal storage reserves (proteins, oil [triacylglycerols], and carbohydrates [starch]) found in plant seeds (Norton and Harris, 1975;Murphy et al, 1989;King et al, 1997;Schwender and Ohlrogge, 2002). These compounds support early seedling growth, and in nature the relative proportions of these compounds vary dramatically among different plant seeds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Proteomic Analysis of Seed Filling in Brassica napus. Developmental Characterization of Metabolic Isozymes Using High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2006

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Brassica napus (cultivar Reston) seed proteins were analyzed at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks after flowering in biological quadruplicate using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Developmental expression profiles for 794 protein spot groups were established and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 12 different expression trends. Tryptic peptides from each spot group were analyzed in duplicate using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry. The identity of 517 spot groups was determined, representing 289 nonredundant proteins. These proteins were classified into 14 functional categories based upon the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome classification scheme. Energy and metabolism related proteins were highly represented in developing seed, accounting for 24.3% and 16.8% of the total proteins, respectively. Analysis of subclasses within the metabolism group revealed coordinated expression during seed filling. The influence of prominently expressed seed storage proteins on relative quantification data is discussed and an in silico subtraction method is presented. The preponderance of energy and metabolic proteins detected in this study provides an in-depth proteomic view on carbon assimilation in B. napus seed. These data suggest that sugar mobilization from glucose to coenzyme A and its acyl derivative is a collaboration between the cytosol and plastids and that temporal control of enzymes and pathways extends beyond transcription. This study provides a systematic analysis of metabolic processes operating in developing B. napus seed from the perspective of protein expression. Data generated from this study have been deposited into a web database (http://oilseedproteomics.missouri.edu) that is accessible to the public domain.Brassica napus (also known as rape and oilseed rape) is the third largest oilseed crop in the world, providing approximately 13% of the world's supply of vegetable oil. B. napus seeds produce oil and protein as the main storage compounds out of the three principal storage reserves (proteins, oil [triacylglycerols], and carbohydrates [starch]) found in plant seeds (Norton and Harris, 1975;Murphy et al., 1989;King et al., 1997;Schwender and Ohlrogge, 2002). These compounds support early seedling growth, and in nature the relative proportions of these compounds vary dramatically among different plant seeds. Seeds of legume species such as soybean (Glycine max) and pea (Pisum sativum) produce seeds with 20% to as much as 40% protein and 20% oil, while B. napus produces seeds with approximately 40% oil and 15% protein (Gunstone et al., 1995).Biochemical and molecular studies are beginning to define the biosynthetic pathways responsible for accumulation of these storage components in B. napus

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Section: Characterization Of Developing B Napus Seedsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of Seed Filling in Brassica napus. Developmental Characterization of Metabolic Isozymes Using High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

et al. 2006

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“…Rapeseeds contains about 40% to 45% (w/w) TAG, and protein is the second largest principal storage component (Norton and Harris, 1975;Gunstone, 2001). Therefore, increasing the weight fraction of oil at the expense of protein is a promising strategy to improve rapeseed and deserves theoretical exploration on the basis of constraint-based models of the central metabolism of developing seeds.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictive Modeling of Biomass Component Tradeoffs in Brassica napus Developing Oilseeds Based on in Silico Manipulation of Storage Metabolism

Schwender

Hay

2012

Plant Physiology

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Seed oil content is a key agronomical trait, while the control of carbon allocation into different seed storage compounds is still poorly understood and hard to manipulate. Using bna572, a large-scale model of cellular metabolism in developing embryos of rapeseed (Brassica napus) oilseeds, we present an in silico approach for the analysis of carbon allocation into seed storage products. Optimal metabolic flux states were obtained by flux variability analysis based on minimization of the uptakes of substrates in the natural environment of the embryo. For a typical embryo biomass composition, flux sensitivities to changes in different storage components were derived. Upper and lower flux bounds of each reaction were categorized as oil or protein responsive. Among the most oil-responsive reactions were glycolytic reactions, while reactions related to mitochondrial ATP production were most protein responsive. To assess different biomass compositions, a tradeoff between the fractions of oil and protein was simulated. Based on flux-bound discontinuities and shadow prices along the tradeoff, three main metabolic phases with distinct pathway usage were identified. Transitions between the phases can be related to changing modes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, reorganizing the usage of organic carbon and nitrogen sources for protein synthesis and acetylcoenzyme A for cytosol-localized fatty acid elongation. The phase close to equal oil and protein fractions included an unexpected pathway bypassing a-ketoglutarate-oxidizing steps in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The in vivo relevance of the findings is discussed based on literature on seed storage metabolism.

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“…For example, soybean (Glycine max) seed contains approximately 40% protein and 20% oil (Hill and Breidenbach, 1974;Ohlrogge and Kuo, 1984). In contrast, seed of oilseed rape (Brassica napus; also called rapeseed or canola) contains approximately 15% protein and 40% oil (Norton and Harris, 1975). To gain insight into the complex process of seed development, identification of genes and proteins and their dynamic expression profiles during seed filling are beginning to provide a framework for more indepth comparative studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Depth Investigation of the Soybean Seed-Filling Proteome and Comparison with a Parallel Study of Rapeseed

Agrawal

Hajdúch²,

Graham³

et al. 2008

Plant Physiology

113

123

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To better understand the metabolic processes of seed filling in soybean (Glycine max), two complementary proteomic approaches, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and semicontinuous multidimensional protein identification technology (Sec-MudPIT) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were employed to analyze whole seed proteins at five developmental stages. 2-DGE and Sec-MudPIT analyses collectively identified 478 nonredundant proteins with only 70 proteins common to both datasets. 2-DGE data revealed that 38% of identified proteins were represented by multiple 2-DGE species. Identified proteins belonged to 13 (2-DGE) and 15 (Sec-MudPIT) functional classes. Proteins involved in metabolism, protein destination and storage, and energy were highly represented, collectively accounting for 61.1% (2-DGE) and 42.2% (Sec-MudPIT) of total identified proteins. Membrane proteins, based upon transmembrane predictions, were 3-fold more prominent in Sec-MudPIT than 2-DGE. Data were integrated into an existing soybean proteome database (www.oilseedproteomics.missouri.edu). The integrated quantitative soybean database was compared to a parallel study of rapeseed (Brassica napus) to further understand the regulation of intermediary metabolism in protein-rich versus oil-rich seeds. Comparative analyses revealed (1) up to 3-fold higher expression of fatty acid biosynthetic proteins during seed filling in rapeseed compared to soybean; and (2) approximately a 48% higher number of protein species and a net 80% higher protein abundance for carbon assimilatory and glycolytic pathways leading to fatty acid synthesis in rapeseed versus soybean. Increased expression of glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic proteins in rapeseed compared to soybean suggests that a possible mechanistic basis for higher oil in rapeseed involves the concerted commitment of hexoses to glycolysis and eventual de novo fatty acid synthesis pathways.Plant seeds accumulate proteins, oils, and carbohydrates because these nitrogen and carbon reserves are necessary for early seed germination and seedling growth (for review, see Weber et al., 2005). These reserve components are synthesized during an extended phase of seed development, loosely termed seed filling. Seed filling is the period when rapid metabolic and morphological (size, weight, and color) changes occur, encompassing cellular processes that include cell expansion and the early stage of desiccation (Rubel et al., 1972;Mienke et al., 1981;Agrawal and Thelen, 2006). Seed filling is also the period that largely determines the relative levels of storage reserves in seeds. The relative proportion of storage components in seeds varies dramatically among different plant species. For example, soybean (Glycine max) seed contains approximately 40% protein and 20% oil (Hill and Breidenbach, 1974;Ohlrogge and Kuo, 1984). In contrast, seed of oilseed rape (Brassica napus; also called rapeseed or canola) contains approximately 15% protein and 40% oil (Norton and Harris, 1975). To gain insight into...

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Compositional changes in developing rape seed (Brassica napus L.)

Cited by 130 publications

References 17 publications

Proteomic Analysis of Seed Filling in Brassica napus. Developmental Characterization of Metabolic Isozymes Using High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Proteomic Analysis of Seed Filling in Brassica napus. Developmental Characterization of Metabolic Isozymes Using High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Predictive Modeling of Biomass Component Tradeoffs in Brassica napus Developing Oilseeds Based on in Silico Manipulation of Storage Metabolism

In-Depth Investigation of the Soybean Seed-Filling Proteome and Comparison with a Parallel Study of Rapeseed

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