Compositional Data Analysis of Harmonic Structures in Popular Music

Burgoyne, John Ashley; Wild, Jonathan; Fujinaga, Ichiro

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39357-0_4

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…De Clercq and Temperley (2011, p. 50) produced what they called "one of the first, large-scale, systematic corpus analyses of popular music" with the aim of developing a foundation of stylistic norms in rock music upon which future research could be built. Under the auspices of the McGill Billboard Project, Burgoyne (2012) and Burgoyne, Wild, and Fujinaga (2013) explored the use of mathematical and computational methods to statistically analyze harmonic progressions. More recently, corpus studies have proliferated hip-hop scholarship: Ohriner (2016) has worked toward similar goals as de Clercq and Temperley, aiming to provide a representative sample of stylistic norms (in this case concerning hip-hop flow) against which outlying musical examples can be situated.…”

Section: Corpus Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of the Golden Age Hip-Hop Sound (1986–1996)

Duinker

Martin

2017

EMR

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The notion of a musical repertoire's "sound" is frequently evoked in journalism and scholarship, but what parameters comprise such a sound? This question is addressed through a statistically-driven corpus analysis of hip-hop music released during the genre's Golden Age era. The first part of the paper presents a methodology for developing, transcribing, and analyzing a corpus of 100 hip-hop tracks released during the Golden Age. Eight categories of aurally salient musical and production parameters are analyzed: tempo, orchestration and texture, harmony, form, vocal and lyric profiles, global and local production effects, vocal doubling and backing, and loudness and compression. The second part of the paper organizes the analysis data into three trend categories: trends of change (parameters that change over time), trends of prevalence (parameters that remain generally constant across the corpus), and trends of similarity (parameters that are similar from song to song). These trends form a generalized model of the Golden Age hip-hop sound which considers both global (the whole corpus) and local (unique songs within the corpus) contexts. By operationalizing "sound" as the sum of musical and production parameters, aspects of popular music that are resistant to traditional music-analytical methods can be considered.

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Section: Corpus Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of the Golden Age Hip-Hop Sound (1986–1996)

Duinker

Martin

2017

EMR

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“…For example, the musical chords and voice leadings were modelled by geometric space [ 6 , 7 ]. The topology analysis [ 8 ] and compositional data analysis [ 9 ] were both used to investigate musical structures. Johannes Kepler’s “ The Harmony of the World ” was inspired by music [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bach Is the Father of Harmony: Revealed by a 1/f Fluctuation Analysis across Musical Genres

Kendrick

Levitin

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Harmony is a fundamental attribute of music. Close connections exist between music and mathematics since both pursue harmony and unity. In music, the consonance of notes played simultaneously partly determines our perception of harmony; associates with aesthetic responses; and influences the emotion expression. The consonance could be considered as a window to understand and analyze harmony. Here for the first time we used a 1/f fluctuation analysis to investigate whether the consonance fluctuation structure in music with a wide range of composers and genres followed the scale free pattern that has been found for pitch, melody, rhythm, human body movements, brain activity, natural images and geographical features. We then used a network graph approach to investigate which composers were the most influential both within and across genres. Our results showed that patterns of consonance in music did follow scale-free characteristics, suggesting that this feature is a universally evolved one in both music and the living world. Furthermore, our network analysis revealed that Bach’s harmony patterns were having the most influence on those used by other composers, followed closely by Mozart.

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“…They found that the recurrence of characteristic motifs is the most important feature for establishing similarity in Dutch folk melodies. Musicological hypotheses were also tested in a study of harmonic usage in American popular music as it evolved from the 1950s to the 1990s(Burgoyne, Wild, & Fujinaga, 2013). The authors used 1379 songs from the Billboard dataset with chord transcriptions manually annotated by experts(Burgoyne, Wild, & Fujinaga, 2011), and performed compositional data analysis to illustrate changes in harmonic usage over time.…”

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confidence: 99%

A review of manual and computational approaches for the study of world music corpora

Panteli

Benetos

Dixon

2018

Journal of New Music Research

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The comparison of world music cultures has been a recurring topic in the field of musicology since the end of the 19th century. Recent advances in technology in the field of Music Information Retrieval allow for a large-scale analysis of music corpora. We review manual and computational approaches in the literature that fall within the scope of music corpus research and world music analysis. With a large-scale computational music corpus analysis in mind we compare the tools and research questions addressed by each study and discuss strengths and weaknesses. Taking into account critical remarks from experts in the field and challenges involved in a large-scale computational analysis we discuss how this line of research can be improved in future work.

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Compositional Data Analysis of Harmonic Structures in Popular Music

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

In Search of the Golden Age Hip-Hop Sound (1986–1996)

In Search of the Golden Age Hip-Hop Sound (1986–1996)

Bach Is the Father of Harmony: Revealed by a 1/f Fluctuation Analysis across Musical Genres

A review of manual and computational approaches for the study of world music corpora

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