Compositional dependence of optical and electrical properties of indium doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis

Dintle, Lawrence K.; Luhanga, P.V.C.; Moditswe, Charles; Muiva, Cosmas M.

doi:10.1016/j.physe.2018.01.009

Cited by 38 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Various microstructural parameters obtained from X-ray characterization are presented in Table 1. Scherrer equation was employed to determine the crystalline size [38] given by,…”

Section: Structural Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Zn 2p 3/2 and Zn 2p 1/2 core-level peaks are per the binding energy confirming the Zn 2? oxidation 38.82% and 61.18%, respectively, suggesting the enhancement of oxygen vacancy-related defects upon doping with indium. This observation reveals that the indium incorporation into ZnO lattice can enhance the CO gas-sensing performance as oxygen vacancies serve as an active adsorption site for the gas species [46][47][48].…”

Section: Xps Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of spray pyrolysed In:ZnO nanostructures for CO gas sensing at low concentration

Ani

Poornesh

Nagaraja

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Herein, we report the role of indium (In) on the carbon monoxide sensing of ZnO thin films using a low-cost spray pyrolysis technique. The decrease in crystalline size was observed from XRD studies and hexagonal wurtzite structure was confirmed. Photoluminescence and XPS studies proved the presence of various defects in the films. The gas-sensing properties of films toward carbon monoxide (CO) gas indicate that 15 wt% of In in ZnO thin films (IZO) exhibit high response (1.84) to a low concentration of the gas (1 ppm) at 300 °C compared to undoped ZnO (0.53). The observed high response of 15 wt% IZO can be mainly endorsed to the oxygen vacancy defects as observed from the photoluminescence and XPS analysis. Further, the high response is complemented by high surface area and smaller grain size (~ 13.1 nm) with well-defined grain boundaries as evident from SEM analysis as well as XRD studies.

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“…Various microstructural parameters obtained from X-ray characterization are presented in Table 1. Scherrer equation was employed to determine the crystalline size [38] given by,…”

Section: Structural Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Xps Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of spray pyrolysed In:ZnO nanostructures for CO gas sensing at low concentration

Ani

Poornesh

Nagaraja

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…For the unirradiated 15 wt% IZO film data, refer back to our previous study [24]. The structural parameters, namely crystalline size (D), dislocation density (δ), and strain (ε) is given by the following equations [32,33]: The structural parameters, namely crystalline size (D), dislocation density (δ), and strain (ε) is given by the following equations [32,33]:…”

Section: Structural Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 8 MeV Electron Beam Modified In:ZnO Thin Films for CO Gas Sensing towards Low Concentration

et al. 2021

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In the present investigation, electron beam-influenced modifications on the CO gas sensing properties of indium doped ZnO (IZO) thin films were reported. Dose rates of 5, 10, and 15 kGy were irradiated to the IZO nano films while maintaining the In doping concentration to be 15 wt%. The wurtzite structure of IZO films is observed from XRD studies post electron beam irradiation, confirming structural stability, even in the intense radiation environment. The surface morphological studies by SEM confirms the granular structure with distinct and sharp grain boundaries for 5 kGy and 10 kGy irradiated films whereas the IZO film irradiated at 15 kGy shows the deterioration of defined grains. The presence of defects viz oxygen vacancies, interstitials are recorded from room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) studies. The CO gas sensing estimations were executed at an optimized operating temperature of 300 °C for 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, and 5 ppm. The 10 kGy treated IZO film displayed an enhanced sensor response of 2.61 towards low concentrations of 1 ppm and 4.35 towards 5 ppm. The enhancement in sensor response after irradiation is assigned to the growth in oxygen vacancies and well-defined grain boundaries since the former and latter act as vital adsorption locations for the CO gas.

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“…Alternative TCO materials with substituted or reduced use of indium having desired opto-electrical characteristics are being developed through vacuum-intensive physical vapor deposition methods like magnetron sputtering [12], radio frequency [13], and direct current [14,15] sputtering along with atomic layer deposition [16], aerosol assisted [17], atmospheric pressure [18], and chemical vapor deposition methods. These electrodes are also obtained through solution processes like spin-coating [19,20], dip-coating [21], and spray pyrolysis [22][23][24]. With ever-increasing market for transparent electrodes, search for alternative materials to sustain demands is on a continuous rise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Transparent Conducting Thin Films for Sustainable Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2020

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Sunlight is arguably the most promising continuous and cheap alternative sustainable energy source available at almost all living places of the human world. Photovoltaics (PV) is a process of direct conversion of sunlight into electricity and has become a technology of choice for sustainable production of cleaner and safer energy. The solar cell is the main component of any PV technology and transparent conducting oxides (TCO) comprising wide band gap semiconductors are an essential component of every PV technology. In this research, transparent conducting thin films were prepared by solution combustion synthesis of metal oxide nitrates wherein the use of indium is substituted or reduced. Individual 0.5 M indium, gallium and zinc oxide source solutions were mixed in ratios of 1:9 and 9:1 to obtain precursor solutions. Indium-rich IZO (A1), zinc-rich IZO (B1), gallium-rich GZO (C1) and zinc-rich GZO (D1) thin films were prepared through spin coating deposition. In the case of A1 and B1 thin films, electrical resistivity obtained was 3.4 × 10−3 Ω-cm and 7.9 × 10−3 Ω-cm, respectively. While C1 films remained insulating, D1 films showed an electrical resistivity of 1.3 × 10−2 Ω-cm. The optical transmittance remained more than 80% in visible for all films. Films with necessary transparent conducting properties were applied in an all solution-processed solar cell device and then characterized. The efficiency of 1.66%, 2.17%, and 0.77% was obtained for A1, B1, and D1 TCOs, respectively, while 6.88% was obtained using commercial fluorine doped SnO2: (FTO) TCO. The results are encouraging for the preparation of indium-free TCOs towards solution-processed thin-film photovoltaic devices. It is also observed that better filtration of precursor solutions and improving surface roughness would further reduce sheet resistance and improve solar cell efficiency.

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Compositional dependence of optical and electrical properties of indium doped zinc oxide (IZO) thin films deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of spray pyrolysed In:ZnO nanostructures for CO gas sensing at low concentration

Evaluation of spray pyrolysed In:ZnO nanostructures for CO gas sensing at low concentration

An 8 MeV Electron Beam Modified In:ZnO Thin Films for CO Gas Sensing towards Low Concentration

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Transparent Conducting Thin Films for Sustainable Photovoltaic Applications

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