Compositional Effect of Gasoline on Fuel Economy and Emissions

Abstract

In the paper, fuel economy and emissions of a port-fuel-injection engine fueled with four gasoline were experimentally investigated to verify the validity and universality of the conclusions from the previous experiment conducted in a gasoline-direct-injection engine. On the basis of the previous results, which showed that aromatics and short-chain alkanes were beneficial to improving fuel economy and that oxygenated fuels could reduce emissions to some extent, commercial gasoline with a research number of 92 and three customized gasoline with different aromatic, short-chain alkane, and oxygen contents were chosen to conduct comparative tests in a wide range of working speeds (1000−3600 rpm) without any modification on the engine systems. Results show that aromatics do have great advantages on fuel economy under all operating conditions, while the mean fuel-saving ratio (FSR) of gasoline F with the highest aromatic content could reach 5.25% under stable operating conditions. Moreover, short-chain alkanes show good superiority of saving fuel consumption at light and medium loads of medium speeds, while the mean FSR of gasoline L with a higher short-chain alkane content is 3.55%. With regard to oxygenated fuels, gasoline E with a higher oxygen content, in which methyl tertiary butyl ether is used as an oxygen additive, shows good capability of balancing fuel consumption and emissions. Therefore, it has been proven that the previous results are valid and that the practical impacts on the performances of main engines applied in the markets are in accordance with the expectations.

Investigation of the Effect of Mid- And High-Level Ethanol Blends on the Particulate and the Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Flex Fuel Vehicle

“…For the hot-start LA92, NO x emissions for E78 were lower at a statistically significant level than both E10 fuels. Previous studies have shown NO x reductions with higher ethanol blends. , Other studies have also shown higher NO x with increasing aromatics, consistent with the differences seen between E10 and E10HA . The lower NO x emissions for the higher ethanol fuels could be due to the lower adiabatic temperature for oxygenated fuels.…”

Experimental Study of the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Lower Alcohols in a Constant Volume Vessel

“…With development in the world, energy and environmental issues cannot be ignored. − In order to reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency to meet stricter emission regulations, new combustion modes (HCCI, PCCI, RCCI, LTC, etc.) and comprehensive fuels have been adopted. , Co-optimization of fuels and engines makes it possible to further improve engine performance.…”

Comparative Effects of Olefin Content on the Performance and Emissions of a Modern GDI Engine

“…Environmental concern over the effects of exhaust emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs) drives emission standards to be set at lower tolerance levels, while oil shortages trigger renewed interest in raising the fuel economy of gasoline engines. , To upgrade the gasoline thermal efficiency, many advanced ICE technologies, involving combustion concepts, engine hardware, fuel injection pressure, engine control strategy, turbo compound, lean boosting, and other gleaning technologies, were developed in recent years. − Researchers have also paid more attention to fuel improvement technologies, which promote various oxygenated fuels and biomass fuels as alternatives or additives to fuels. − Because of the advantage of oxygen-borne characteristics in molecules, incomplete burning can largely be relieved, raising combustion efficiency and lowering exhaust emissions. Owing to raw material production costs, transition costs, storage capacity, and regional disparity, however, most alternative fuels have restricted practical applications …”

“…Gasoline, as the main fuel for gasoline cars, contains different kinds of straight-chain paraffins, isoparaffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics, olefins, and components with oxygen. − Hence, many studies have focused on the effects of gasoline components on the performance and emissions of gasoline engines in recent decades. Based on the tests over a wide range of engine operating conditions (various speeds and throttle positions), Machado et al found that n -heptane improved the combustion efficiency and overall efficiency of engines, while reducing carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions, without significantly increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions.…”

“…Owing to raw material production costs, transition costs, storage capacity, and regional disparity, however, most alternative fuels have restricted practical applications. 11 Gasoline, as the main fuel for gasoline cars, contains different kinds of straight-chain paraffins, isoparaffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics, olefins, and components with oxygen. 11−13 Hence, many studies have focused on the effects of gasoline components on the performance and emissions of gasoline engines in recent decades.…”