Compositional effects on the optical and thermal properties of potassium aluminophosphate glasses

Thermal Effect of Er3+Ions Embedded in Smart Nano-Composite Oxide Material Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique

“…The obtained result implying that an increase in n values is associated with the material densification and condensation. The obtained data allow the low loss coupling systems planar waveguide preparation [31]. The exciting source effect on the monolithic SP2.5ErM and thin film SP2.5ErT samples using the laser diodes with excitation at 850 nm is presented in Fig.…”

“…8 with increasing silica-phosphate glass density as that revealed in normal multi-component glasses [28,29]. The silicate network combination with phosphate as a dopant changes fundamentally the silicate glass properties, where the depolymerization of the phosphate cation occurs, thus diminishing the silicate glass network crosslinking to create a more open structure [29]. The higher phosphate content at 20 mol.% gives greater disorder in the silicate network and this displays an enhancement in the refractive index values especially with increase of the temperature.…”

“…• C. The phosphate ions concentration increases the contribution in the silica-phosphate system depolymerization which enhances the increase in the concentration of bonding defects and NBOs in the silicate network [28][29][30]. The refractive indexes n values for SP2.5ErM are given at constant wavelength = 1400 nm was found to be equal to 1.6 and 1.74 at 500 and 900…”

Two-die assembly for the extrusion of glasses with dissimilar thermal properties for fibre optic preforms

“…[7][8][9][10][11] to measure the refractive index (n), glass transition temperature (T g ), thermal expansion coefficient (α), thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) and the transmission spectra.…”

“…In order to minimise cross-talk, lightwave devices such as gratings and filters must be insensitive to temperature, which could otherwise cause fluctuation of their central wavelengths (or frequencies) with temperature. Hence, there have been numerous research activities into athermal materials and devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Athermal materials generally exhibit negative thermooptic coefficient (dn/dT) to compensate for positive thermal expansion coefficient (α).…”