Compositional evolution of the tetrahedrite solid solution in porphyry-epithermal system: A case study of the Baimka Cu-Mo-Au trend, Chukchi Peninsula, Russia

Marushchenko, L. I.; Бакшеев, И. А.; Nagornaya, E. V.; Chitalin, A. F.; Nikolaev, Y.N.; Vlasov, E. A.

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.01.018

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Tennantite-tetrahedrite-series minerals are important ore minerals formed under high oxygen fugacity (f O 2 ) conditions in porphyry-related mineral systems, including porphyry, skarn, and epithermal polymetallic deposits [37][38][39][40][41][42][65][66][67]. Previous studies have shown that the high fluid f O 2 (∆FMQ >+ 1.5 [68][69][70][71][72][73]) is a key controlling factor for porphyryrelated mineralization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tennantite series has five minerals, i.e., tennantite-(Fe), tennantite-(Zn), tennantite-(Cu), tennantite-(Hg) and tennantite-(Mn), whereas the tetrahedrite series has six minerals, i.e., tetrahedrite-(Fe), tetrahedrite-(Zn), tetrahedrite-(Cd), tetrahedrite-(Cu), tetrahedrite-(Hg), and tetrahedrite-(Mn) [37]. Tennantite-tetrahedrite-series minerals are commonly found in various types of mineral systems, including porphyry Cu-Au and related skarn and epithermal deposits, as well as volcanic-hosted massive sulfides (VHMS) and orogenic Au deposits [38][39][40][41][42]. These minerals can structurally incorporate many different trace elements into their crystal lattice and commonly display compositional zoning [39,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tennantite-tetrahedrite-series minerals are commonly found in various types of mineral systems, including porphyry Cu-Au and related skarn and epithermal deposits, as well as volcanic-hosted massive sulfides (VHMS) and orogenic Au deposits [38][39][40][41][42]. These minerals can structurally incorporate many different trace elements into their crystal lattice and commonly display compositional zoning [39,42]. Such features make tennantite-tetrahedrite-series minerals an important recorder of ore-forming conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tennantite–Tetrahedrite-Series Minerals and Related Pyrite in the Nibao Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, Guizhou, SW China

et al. 2020

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A number of sediment-hosted, Carlin-type/-like gold deposits are distributed in the Youjiang basin of SW China. The gold ores are characterized by high As, Hg, and Sb contents but with low base metal contents (Cu+Pb+Zn < 500–1000 ppm). The Nibao deposit is unique among these gold deposits by having tennantite–tetrahedrite-series minerals in its ores. The deposit is also unique in being primarily hosted in the relatively unreactive siliceous pyroclastic rocks, unlike classic Carlin-type gold deposits that are hosted in carbonates or calcareous clastic rocks. In this study, we have identified tennantite-(Zn), tennantite-(Hg), and tetrahedrite-(Zn) from the tennantite–tetrahedrite-series mineral assemblage. The tennantite-(Zn) can be further divided into two sub-types of Tn-(Zn)-I; and Tn-(Zn)-II;. Tn-(Zn)-I; usually occurs in the core of a Tennantite–tetrahedrite composite and appears the darkest under the SEM image, whereas Tn-(Zn)-II overgrows on Tn-(Zn)-I and is overgrown by tetrahedrite-(Zn). Tennantite-(Hg) occasionally occurs as inclusions near the uneven boundary between Tn-(Zn)-I and Tn-(Zn)-II. An appreciable amount of Au (up to 3540 ppm) resides in the tennantite–tetrahedrite-series minerals, indicating that the latter is a major Au host at Nibao. The coexistence of tennantite–tetrahedrite-series minerals and Au-bearing pyrite indicates the Nibao ore fluids were more oxidized than the Carlin-type ore fluids. The tennantite–tetrahedrite series at Nibao evolved from Tn-(Zn)-I through Tn-(Zn)-II to tetrahedrite-(Zn), which is likely caused by Sb accumulation in the ore fluids. This indicates that the Nibao ore fluids may have become more reduced and less acidic during Au precipitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tennantite–Tetrahedrite-Series Minerals and Related Pyrite in the Nibao Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, Guizhou, SW China

et al. 2020

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“…LIF). The chemical formulae of the tennantite-tetrahedrite solid solution series were calculated on the basis of 29 atoms (Supplementary Table S2), according to the method described by Marushchenko et al (2018). Stoichiometric calculations of the cation sums were used for data quality assurance.…”

Section: Major and Trace Element Microanalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ trace element and S isotope systematics in pyrite from three porphyry-epithermal prospects, Limnos Island, Greece

Börner

Keith²,

Bücker³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Porphyry-epithermal systems associated with high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline igneous host rocks may be prospective for the recovery of Te among related elements like Cu, Ag, and Au. Limnos Island, as part of the Tethyan magmatic belt, is such an example, where (telescoped) porphyry-epithermal mineralization is accompanied by different alteration-styles reflecting various hydrothermal processes. Here, we present in-situ S isotope and trace element data of pyrite, which records the fluid evolution from the early porphyry to the late epithermal stage in three distinct prospects (Fakos, Kaspakas, Sardes) on Limnos Island. Pyrite in the sericitic alteration of Fakos mainly formed from single-phase magma-derived fluids lacking evidence for phase separation, as reflected by relatively constant δ34S (about −4‰) and Co/Ni (0.1-1) values. By contrast, in the sericitic alteration of Kaspakas and the following epithermal stages, an influence of boiling is implied by negative δ34S values to −15‰, significant intergrain δ34S variations (>3‰), highly variable Co/Ni (100-0.01) and As/Co (10-0.001) in pyrite. Higher δ34S values (above −4‰) in porphyry pyrite from Sardes and partly in the other two hydrothermal systems are related to mixing between magmatic S, and S which was transported through deeply circulated seawater and/or meteoric water. We propose that fluid-rock interaction buffered the pH to higher values, which enhanced the solubility of Au and Te. Subsequent boiling processes caused the Au deposition, whereas Te partitioned into the vapor and finally precipitated upon condensation into meteoric water. This process is accompanied by continuous cooling during fluid ascent from 780°C to <300°C, as indicated by increasing Sb, Tl, and Pb in pyrite from the porphyry to the epithermal stage. Consequently, the in situ δ34S and trace element analysis allows to constrain the depositional environment of economic metals like Au and Te in porphyry-epithermal prospects.

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Introduction

Müller¹,

Groves²

2018

Potassic Igneous Rocks and Associated Gold-Copper Mineralization

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Compositional evolution of the tetrahedrite solid solution in porphyry-epithermal system: A case study of the Baimka Cu-Mo-Au trend, Chukchi Peninsula, Russia

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Tennantite–Tetrahedrite-Series Minerals and Related Pyrite in the Nibao Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, Guizhou, SW China

Tennantite–Tetrahedrite-Series Minerals and Related Pyrite in the Nibao Carlin-Type Gold Deposit, Guizhou, SW China

In-situ trace element and S isotope systematics in pyrite from three porphyry-epithermal prospects, Limnos Island, Greece

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