Compositional, morphological, and hysteresis characterization of magnetic airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy

Sagnotti, Leonardo; Taddeucci, Jacopo; Winkler, Aldo; Cavallo, Andrea

doi:10.1029/2009gc002563

Cited by 94 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The properties of the magnetic fraction of atmospheric dust of different origin were studied in detail by, e.g., Goluchowska (2001), Kukier et al (2003), Shilton et al (2005), Jordanova et al (2006), Sagnotti et al (2009). The effect of moisture on the magnetic susceptibility of soils was investigated by Maier et al (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of fly-ash migration by using magnetic method

et al. 2011

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Several studies have shown that magnetic measurements can be used in assessing soil contamination due to atmospheric deposition of pollutants. Reliable spatial mapping of magnetic susceptibility of soils assumes high temporal stability of deposited particles, accumulated in top-soil horizons. One of the main methodological concerns is whether the migration of deposited anthropogenic ferrimagnetic particles may bias the measured values. Measurements carried out on high-porosity (sandy) soils, or on soils with a very variable water regime may yield inconsistent values of top-soil magnetic susceptibility as the indicator of contamination. This study focuses on the laboratory examination of migration of fly ashes from a coal-burning power plant in sands of different porosity and under a simulated rain regime. Columns of sand of different grain sizes, placed in plastic cylinders, were contaminated on the surface by the fly ash. The vertical migration of magnetic particles was monitored using measurements of magnetic susceptibility with an SM400 Kappameter. Calibration measurements in the water environment showed an erroneous performance and resulted in the technical improvement of the used susceptibility meter (Model 2009). Our results show that the vertical distribution of flyash particles deposited on fine sand is very stable even after repeated rain simulation. The peak value of magnetic susceptibility is located in a stable position a few millimeters under the surface. Hence, standard top-soil magnetic mapping is in such a case reliable and fully representative. Contrary to that, in case of coarse sand, the peak value of magnetic susceptibility migrates by more than 10 cm. The results will be further used for numerical modeling of contaminant transport in porous media.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of fly-ash migration by using magnetic method

et al. 2011

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“…Vegetation, mainly needles and broad leaf trees is also studied, using one specific vegetation species in each study (Matzka and Maher, 1999;Hanesch et al, 2003;Moreno et al, 2003;Urbat et al, 2004;Gautam et al, 2005;Lehndorff et al, 2006;Davila et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2008;Maher et al, 2008;Szonyi et al, 2008). Atmospheric dust on filters (Flanders, 1999;Shu et al, 2000;Muxworthy et al, 2003;Spassov et al, 2004;Sagnotti et al, 2006Sagnotti et al, , 2009) was investigated as well. Furthermore, recent findings suggest combined analysis of magnetic signatures and organic pollutants such as PAHs for source assessment of atmospheric particles (Halsall et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic signature of different vegetation species in polluted environment

Jordanova¹,

Petrov²,

Hoffmann

et al. 2010

Stud Geophys Geod

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Detailed magnetic study on vegetation samples from several strongly polluted and clean sites inBulgaria is carried out in order to evaluate suitability of different species as passive dust collectors in magnetometry. From each location, available species among lichens, mosses, poplar leaves, dandelion, needles have been sampled. Magnetic susceptibility calculated on mass-specific basis shows wide variability between diamagnetic signal up to 846 u 10 8 m 3 /kg. Lichens and mosses are found to be the species, showing magnetic signals with the strongest contrast between clean and polluted environment. The main magnetic phase is magnetite-like according to the results from thermomagnetic analysis of susceptibility on magnetic extracts. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microphotographs reveal the presence of abundant particulate matter on vegetation surface both with anthropogenic (spherules) and lithogenic origin. Magnetic grain size deduced by the ratio of saturation remanent magnetization (SIRM) and mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (F) and coercivities (B c and B cr ) suggest that different species accumulate preferentially small SD-like grains from pollution emissions.Contrasting relationship of the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and F for polluted vs clean sites deduced by needles and lichens may be related to transformation of the accumulated dust particles within lichens' tissue. This finding indicates that the exact species used as biological dust collector is of importance when studying spatial grain size distribution of magnetic dust particles. Pilot study on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content and its relation to magnetic parameters shows good correspondence between high levels of PAHs and high SIRM values for locations affected by non-ferrous industrial production.K e y w o r d s :

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“…The c fd % ranges from 0.0% to 6.2%, with the mean of 2.0%, indicating a minor viscous SP contribution to the total magnetic susceptibility [Thompson and Oldfield, 1986]. It should be noted that such a frequency-dependent susceptibility method only detect larger SP grains, and other methods such as low-temperature magnetic measurement should be used to detect smaller SP grains [Sagnotti et al, 2009]. Nevertheless, the mass-specific c fd values (Table 1) are significantly higher than those for typical soils (e.g., mean ± standard deviation of c fd for 1176 UK soil samples is 4.5 ± 13.5 × 10 −8 m 3 kg −1 [Dearing et al, 1996]).…”

Section: Magnetic Properties Of the Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively elevated concentrations of magnetic particles, derived from industrial emissions, vehicle exhausts and abrasion products, can lead to stronger magnetic signals in materials into which they are incorporated [Thompson and Oldfield, 1986;Maher and Thompson, 1999;Evans and Heller, 2003]. So far, the magnetic properties of urban aerosols, dusts, soils and tree leaves have been examined to monitor urban pollution worldwide [e.g., Shu et al, 2001;Muxworthy et al, 2002;Hanesch et al, 2003;Lu and Bai, 2008;Maher et al, 2008;Szönyi et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009;Sagnotti et al, 2009]. Particles emitted from subway systems contain abundant iron metal or iron oxides [Sitzmann et al, 1999;Chillrud et al, 2004;Salma et al, 2007;Kang et al, 2008], with strong magnetic signatures [Thompson and Oldfield, 1986;Dunlop and Özdemir, 1997]; therefore, it is expected that magnetic measurements may be well suited to the study of subway dust pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic and geochemical characterization of iron pollution in subway dusts in Shanghai, China

Zhang

Jiang

Dong

et al. 2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] Dust samples collected from subway platforms in Shanghai, China, have been examined using magnetic measurements and geochemical analysis. Our results indicate that the Shanghai subway platform dusts have extremely strong magnetic signatures. These results, combined with X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning and transmission electron microscope examinations, indicate that the magnetic mineralogy of the dust is dominated by iron scraps due to wheel-rail mechanical abrasion and spherules rich in magnetite from fossil fuel combustion. Although the magnetic particles are primarily micrometer sized, fine submicron magnetic grains are also evident in the dust. The underground platform dusts have a much higher iron flake abundance and magnetic susceptibility than those from aboveground platforms because the latter ones are diluted by inputs of magnetically weaker ambient aerosols with a higher proportion of magnetite spherules. Geochemical analysis indicates that underground platform dusts have elevated Fe and Mn, but lower Al and Ti contents relative to aboveground subway dust. This is consistent with the closed nature of underground platforms, which therefore reduces exposure to soil-derived dust. Since the adverse environmental effects of subway particles may be linked to higher contents of iron and other metals, our results demonstrate that magnetic measurements provide a novel and effective approach for characterizing iron mineralogy and grain size in subway dusts.

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Compositional, morphological, and hysteresis characterization of magnetic airborne particulate matter in Rome, Italy

Cited by 94 publications

References 48 publications

Experimental study of fly-ash migration by using magnetic method

Experimental study of fly-ash migration by using magnetic method

Magnetic signature of different vegetation species in polluted environment

Magnetic and geochemical characterization of iron pollution in subway dusts in Shanghai, China

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