“…1,2 Thus, tremendous efforts and enthusiasm have been directed to exploring high activity and low cost electrocatalysts. Various highly active non-noble metal and earth abundant catalysts, e.g., transition metal-based oxides, layered double hydroxides, sulfides, nitrides, etc., [3][4][5][6] have been developed as alternative catalysts to precious Pt for the HER or RuO 2 /IrO 2 for the OER. [7][8][9] Currently, surface engineering based on a conductive support, distinctive intrinsic activity and interface effects has received widespread attention for its strong ability to regulate the chemical adsorption and desorption of reaction intermediates on surface active sites, which efficiently accelerates the reaction kinetics and corresponding electrocatalytic performance.…”