Compositions of Dust Fall around Semi-Urban Areas in Malaysia

Alahmr, Fatma Omran M.; Othman, Murnira; Wahid, Nurul Bahiyah Abd; Halim, Azhar Abdul; Latif, Mohd Talib

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2012.02.0027

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…These forms of particle-based arsenic have relatively long atmospheric residence times before deposition, and eventually cause pollution several kilometers downwind from the sources (Bencko and Symon, 1977;Saxena et al, 2008;Csavina et al, 2011;Alahmr et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Arsenic Deposition in Chiayi County in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Although arsenic contamination of underground water in southern Taiwan is well known, few studies examine atmospheric arsenic deposition in this area, which might be the major source of such pollution to the soil, water, and even underground water. This research focused on the atmospheric arsenic concentration, dry and wet depositions, and the As distribution around Chiayi County, located in the south of Taiwan. Eight sampling sites are used, both upwind and downwind of an area with heavy industrial and human activities. All samples were collected by a PS-1 high volume sampler at each site, pretreated by a digestion process, and further analyzed with an ICP-MS. The results show that the arsenic deposition flux ranged from 65.0 to 473 μg/m 2 -month in Chiayi County. This deposition flux has no significant seasonal variation, based on the multiple trend results obtained from pooling the dry and wet deposition data. The average dry deposition flux of As ranged from 34 to 161 μg/m 2 -month during the sampling year, and had the opposite trend to the wind speed. Additionally, the correlations between atmospheric arsenic concentration and PM levels were significant, supported by the low p-value (< 0.01) at a 99% confidence level. Meanwhile, the highly linear correlation between As and PM concentrations was also evaluated. The amount of precipitation was statistically correlated to the wet deposition flux (11.3-414 μg/m 2 -month with a p-value = 2 × 10 -7 and r-value = 0.9306. Furthermore, the composition of the As mass concentrations in ambient air were dominated by As (V) in both fall (66.4%) and winter (68.9%). According to the GIS spatial analysis of the As concentration in the dry season, from October to March, the As contribution of local emissions were not significant. Consequently, this study indicates that the atmospheric As around Chiayi County might be sourced from the upwind northern area, and mainly deposited through wet scavenging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Arsenic Deposition in Chiayi County in Southern Taiwan

Lin

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The surface area of the surface soil can absorb high concentrations of heavy metal through dust fall and solubility. Heavy metal solubility can be influenced by wet deposition (rainfall) as the main process, which brings these elements into contact with the soil (Alahmr et al 2012). A study done by Alahmr et al (2012) showed that the composition of dust fall through rainwater analysis clearly explains that vehicle fuel combustion and high traffic load are the factors involved in the deposition of heavy metals in the surface soil (Tahir et al 2007).…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Heavy metal solubility can be influenced by wet deposition (rainfall) as the main process, which brings these elements into contact with the soil (Alahmr et al 2012). A study done by Alahmr et al (2012) showed that the composition of dust fall through rainwater analysis clearly explains that vehicle fuel combustion and high traffic load are the factors involved in the deposition of heavy metals in the surface soil (Tahir et al 2007). This is also supported by the land use percentage of the Klang district area where about 10.98% of the land use is allocated to transportation (Selangor Plan Annual Meeting Report 2012).…”

Section: Multivariate Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Soil from Klang District (Malaysia): An Example from a Tropical Environment

Praveena

Pradhan

Ismail

2015

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Heavy metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) in surface soil of Klang district were determined and multivariate analysis was used to understand their potential sources. The total and bioavailability of concentrations were used in identifying the potential risks to the ecology and human health. The means for the total heavy metal concentrations were found to be in the order of Fe > Al > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Co > Cd, while the means for the bioavailability concentrations were found to be in the order of Al > Fe > Zn > Cu > Co > Cd > Pb > Cr. Principal Component Analysis showed Principal Component 1 as being of natural origin whereas Principal Components 2, 3, and 4 were associated with mixed anthropogenic sources, such as traffic and industrial emissions, organic matter, and granulometric fractions. Potential ecological risk assessment indicated an overall low ecological risk. Spatial assessment of non-carcinogenic risks showed that the Hazard Index values were more than one in Johan Setia, due to biomass burning of peat swamps exploited for agricultural development. While for spatial assessment of carcinogenic risks, the Lifetime Cancer Risk values were in the limit (1 × 10 −5 ), indicating low cancer inducing risks. Nevertheless, with intense development pressure in the Klang district could overlap pollution inputs in the future.

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“…Urbanization process involves economic and industrial development which in turn leads to problems related to air pollution (Alahmr et al 2012). Afroz et al (2003) stated that major sources of air pollution in Malaysia are motor vehicles, open burning and industrial emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Street dust contaminated with heavy metal poses health risks to children and adults. Health risks are especially high for children because of their low tolerance to toxins as well as unintended ingestion of significant quantities of dust (Alahmr et al 2012;Zheng et al 2010). also stated that children are more susceptible to respirable dust inhaled from their surroundings, especially schools which are near man roads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%