Compost Produced with Addition of Sewage Sludge as a Source of Fe and Mn for Plants

Abstract

Direct application of sewage sludge to soil is controversial due to, among others, its highly variable composition, odour, and risks for health. The obtained composts with the addition of sewage sludge were tested for the contents and availability of manganese and iron. Once composts were applied to the soil, their effect on the content and availability of Mn and Fe in soil and bioaccumulation in the plant were determined. The addition of sewage sludge enriched composts with manganese and iron, but did not increase the content of water-extracted forms of Mn and Fe. The compost with addition of biochar had more organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe. Composts amended with sewage sludge had lower effect on the amount of Poa pratensis L. biomass than maize straw compost. The content of Mn and Fe in Poa pratensis L. was in the range permissible for biomass used as fodder. Smaller addition of all composts to the soil significantly increased the content of mobile manganese forms; however, neither the type nor the dose had effect on the content of iron mobile forms. There was no significant differences in the content of organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe in soil after the application of composts.

Sustainable Innovation on Urban Landscape Construction and Ecological Water Environment Governance Process

“…The rich and beautiful urban space and landscape environment make people feel comfortable and happy in their lives, and the material life and spiritual life are elegant and interesting, making people fully enjoy the self-identity, pleasure, comfort, and emotional substitution brought by the urban life brought by the urban landscape. So far, urban public landscape has become an indispensable and important aspect of the development of a country and local urban environment [15,16]. The urban landscape is required to be comfortable, safe and enjoyable.…”

Nitrogen Removal and Sludge Reduction in Anoxic-Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor with Alkaline-H2O2 Disintegration

“…Sludge treatment and disposal can be up to 25 % -65 % of the total cost of biological treatment processes [1]. Due to the tightening of the discharge standards of wastewater to the receiving environment, the amount of sludge is increasing which causes the problem to grow exponentially [2][3][4][5]. The strategy adopted in the sludge problem is to minimise or completely eliminate the sludge at its source [6,7].…”

Utilization of Indole Acetic Acid with Leucadendron rubrum and Rhododendron pulchrum for the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in the Artificial Soil Made of Municipal Sewage Sludge

“…Compared with waste landfill and other disposal methods, sewage sludge land use is economically feasible and environmentally sustainable [ 9 ]. Moreover, the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer can provide nutrients to plants and improve the properties of the soil [ 10 , 11 ], reduce the need for synthetic inorganic fertilizers, and save non-renewable energy [ 12 ]. However, heavy metals contained in sewage sludge cannot be biodegraded and have attracted more and more attention due to their potentially dangerous, chronic, and irreversible characteristics [ 13 ].…”