Composting an Emerging Technology for Solid Waste Management in India

Rastogi, Mansi; Nandal, Meenakshi

doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch006

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…While, the enzymes; cellulase (glucose hydrolysis), phosphatase (release phosphate groups), amylase (starch hydrolysis), protease and urease (mineralization of the nitrogenous compounds to generate ammonia) are associated with specific nutrient cycles. However, considering the enormous quantity of waste generated in a developing nation like India with a shrinking land area, natural composting of waste is a time-consuming process [4]. As a solution to the current problem, adding effective microbes (EM) and/or cow dung to waste has been suggested as a useful strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation induced stability of municipal solid waste compost: an enzyme kinetics study

2019

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An investigation was carried out in laboratory to find out the effect of ambient temperature and different treatments on passive bin composting of municipal solid waste (MSW). A potent cellulase degrading inoculum (Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. nakamurai and B. velezensis) sourced from dumpsite soil and cow dung slurry was used as addon to MSW composters. Treatments were tested during summer (26-45 °C) and winter (5-22 °C) season to profile the physiochemical, enzymatic and microbial changes during 90-day study. In addition, a kinetics model for MSW composting was derived for the rate of organic load degradation deducing the first order kinetics rate (K r), limiting velocity (K m) and dissociation constant (K d). The results of the present investigation revealed that ambient temperature hastened the degradation of organic substrates in case of MSW amended with microbes and cow dung (60 days) as indicated by the achieved maximum kinetics reaction rate, 0.0131 day −1 (R 2 = 0.993) and reduced C/N ratio (11.6%). Also, enzymatic profiles; dehydrogenase (170.1 µg TPF g −1 day −1), cellulase (96.1 µg glucose g dwt −1 h −1) and urease (539.1 μg NH 4 +-Ng dwt −1 h −1) with a high temperature profile (47-63 °C) in the finished summer compost, Cs 4 supported the results. Whereas, winter composting could not attain the desired results and produced immature compost even after 90 days. Statistical analysis (proximal cluster analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and ANOVA) and kinetics study showed that ambient temperature in collaboration with addons significantly influenced the compost maturity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation induced stability of municipal solid waste compost: an enzyme kinetics study

2019

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“…The mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling, and curing stages, indicative of an ideal composting process, were clearly depicted during the rotary drum composting, despite the relatively low ambient atmospheric temperature (16-30 • C). The sharp rise in temperature from an initial 28 • C to 49 • C through the fourth day is clear evidence of the rapid establishment and proliferation of an aerobic microbial population, which accelerates decomposition of the feedstock in the composter [38]. The temperature of the composting material remained at 49 • C for a period of eight days, sufficing the requirement for the destruction of pathogens [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotary Drum Composting of Organic School Wastes and Compost Valorization

Almulla,

Thomas,

Jallow

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Inappropriate waste disposal imposes significant health risks in densely populated urban environments and schools, necessitating sustainable waste management. Therefore, a study was carried out at Al-Jazaer School, Kuwait, to evaluate rotary drum composting (RDC) of organic school waste comprising used paper, dry leaves, and vegetable food wastes in a 1:4:20 ratio. Feedstock comprising 42% organic school wastes, 42% horse manure, and 16% sawdust produced mature compost with a C:N ratio of 20.55 on the 43rd day of composting. Distinct mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling, and curing phases were observed during composting. Mature compost recorded a moisture content of 54.3%, pH 8.56, EC of 2.71 mS/cm, total nitrogen of 0.77%, total organic carbon of 18.25%, carbon content of 15.86%, and sulfur content of 0.14%. Soilless growing media comprising peat moss, perlite, and rotary drum compost in three proportions (1:1:1, 1:1:2, and 1:1:3), and peat moss, perlite, and commercial organic compost in a 1:1:3 ratio were evaluated for greenhouse vegetable production. The performance of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus cv. Ramos) raised in the lowest proportion of in-house prepared rotary drum compost (1:1:1 ratio) was comparable with that raised in the highest proportion of commercial compost (1:1:3). The study revealed the potential of RDC for decentralized sustainable waste management at the small-community scale and the suitability of compost from school wastes for soilless culture.

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“…In composting, the organic matter humidifies into a stable, organic humic product through sequential microbial activities (Pare et al 1998). The application of a humified product (humus) improves soil texture by augmenting the micro-nutrient deficiencies (Rastogi and Nandal 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effect of cow dung slurry and cellulolytic bacterial inoculation on humic fractions during composting of municipal solid waste

Rastogi

Nandal

Nain

2019

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose The work aimed to investigate the effect of cow dung and cellulolytic bacteria on humic characteristics during municipal solid waste composting. Four Bacillus isolates (B. subtilis, B. tequilensis, B. venezuelans and B. amyloliquefaciens) sourced from dumpsite soil were formulated as consortium for the study. Methods Four treatments were considered with addition of bulking agents (ratio 1:7:6) to 15 kg MSW. Treatment Cs 1 (control): only MSW, Cs 2 : MSW + cellulolytic bacterial inoculum @ 5 ml (2 × 10 9 CFU ml −1); Cs 3-MSW + cow dung slurry @ 1 kg (1:100 based on wet weight) and Cs 4-MSW + cellulolytic bacterial inoculum @ 5 ml (2 × 10 9 CFU ml −1) + cow dung slurry @ 1 kg (diluted 1:100 based on wet weight). The analyses of humic acids were done by elemental analyzer, UV and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy during 90 days of composting. Results MSW amended with consortia of effective microorganisms and cow dung slurry projected highest humification degree at 82.4% (P < 0.01). Highest temperature (63 °C) was recorded in the treatment Cs 4 during composting. The data corresponded to an increase in H/C ratio (0.9%) with a decrease in C/N (14.8%) and O/C ratio (0.5%). In addition, most stabilized values for E 4 /E 6 ratio (4.1) and E 2 /E 3 ratio (2.1) were observed in Cs 4. The humification indices manifest positive regression values (F (4, 1) = 0.007; P < 0.01) and 99% significant model. Conclusion In the study, bio-augmentation (bacterial consortia and cow dung slurry) to MSW composting facilitates early maturity compared to other inoculated/uninoculated treatments. The result substantiates the effect of temperature on the humification rate of composting.

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Composting an Emerging Technology for Solid Waste Management in India

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Seasonal variation induced stability of municipal solid waste compost: an enzyme kinetics study

Seasonal variation induced stability of municipal solid waste compost: an enzyme kinetics study

Rotary Drum Composting of Organic School Wastes and Compost Valorization

Additive effect of cow dung slurry and cellulolytic bacterial inoculation on humic fractions during composting of municipal solid waste

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