Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review

Bernal, M.P.; Alburquerque, José Antonio; Moral, R.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.027

Cited by 1,939 publications

(1,264 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, the NH 3 flux of reactor B was significantly lower than that of A and C, and the peak NH 3 flux was 1.87, 1.10, and 1.79 mg m −2 h −1 , respectively. The absorption of NH 3 by natural zeolite was generally observed (Bernal et al 1993;Venglovsky et al 2005;Stylianou et al 2008;Bernal et al 2009). As an effect of the delay of nitrification by NI, reactor C showed higher concentrations of NH 4 + -N (Fig.…”

Section: Organics Degradationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Sludge composting is one of the most widely used treatments for sewage sludge resource utilization. Natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor (NI) are widely used during composting and land application for nitrogen conservation, respectively. Three composting reactors (A-the control, B-natural zeolite addition, and C-3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) addition) were established to investigate the influence of NI and natural zeolite addition on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting conducted at the lab scale. The results showed that, in comparison with the control, natural zeolite addition accelerated organics degradation and the maturity of sludge compost was higher, while the DMPP addition slowed down the degradation of organic matters. Meanwhile, the nitrogen transformation functional genes including those responses for nitrification (amoA and nxrA) and denitrification (narG, nirS, nirK, and nosZ) were quantified through quantitative PCR (qPCR) to investigate the effects of natural zeolites and DMPP addition on nitrogen transformation. Although no significant difference in the abundance of nitrogen transformation functional genes was observed between treatments, addition of both natural zeolite and DMPP increases the final total nitrogen content by 48.6 % and 23.1 %, respectively. The ability of natural zeolite for nitrogen conservation was due to the absorption of NH 3 by compost, and nitrogen conservation by DMPP was achieved by the source reduction of denitrification. Besides, it was assumed that the addition of natural zeolite and DMPP may affect the activity of these genes instead of the abundance.

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Section: Organics Degradationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting

Zhang

Sui

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Materials derived from organic residues, such as compost, can be considered as sources of plant nutrients, for partial substitution of synthetic fertilizers (Flotats et al, 2011;Brockmann et al, 2014), in accordance with the key principles of the Circular Economy (Bernal, 2017). Compost application to soil allows the recycling of nutrients in the soilplant system (Tiquia et al, 2002;Bernal et al, 2009a;Flotats et al, 2011), increasing biomass production and soil fertility by improving the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil (Keener et al, 2000;Loecke et al, 2004;Cordovil et al, 2007;Bedada et al, 2014) as well as nutrient availability (Tejada and Gonzalez, 2006;Biau et al, 2012). Simultaneously, composting provides an efficient and cost-effective way of recycling these materials (Arcadis, EUNOMIA Research & Consulting, 2010;Burgos et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The stable final product is free of pathogens and rich in humified OM and nutrients (Vanotti et al, 2006;Brockmann et al, 2014;Santos et al, 2016;Sáez et al, 2017). Compared with other organic wastes (e.g., animal slurry, digestates, or untreated plant residues), qualitatively high-class composts show clear benefits as soil amendments/fertilizers: reliable sanitization, a high proportion of stable and humic-like substances, and high concentrations of nutrients (Bernal et al, 2009aMoral et al, 2009), the latter allowing a reduction in mineral fertilization (Brockmann et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, total N comprises both inorganic forms (mainly nitrate in mature compost; Bernal et al, 2009a), readily available to plants, and organic forms, which need to be mineralized in order to be available to plants (Bernal et al, 1998;Cordovil et al, 2006). So, when compost is applied on a total N basis, the fertilizer efficiency may be lower than that of mineral fertilizers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composts Produced From Pig Slurry Solids: Nutrient Efficiency and N-Leaching Risks in Amended Soils

Santos

Fangueiro

Moral

et al. 2018

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Plant survival was influenced largely by pH, respiration and curing duration. Bernal, Albuquerque & Moral (2009) noted that the application of unstable and immature compost fixes nitrogen in the soil thereby restricting plant growth by competing for oxygen in the rhizosphere and releasing toxic substances. Our results indicated that Battery Cage and Deep litter manures were high in nitrogen compared to Kraal manure or manure obtained from Free range chickens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Maturity of Different Poultry Manures and Potential Utilization for Horticultural Production

Mataa¹,

Manzi²,

Munyinda³

2018

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This study evaluated stability, maturity and the efficacy of different poultry litter for possible use in container plant production. Three types of poultry manure-Battery cage (BC), Deep litter (DL) and Free range (FR) were used, with Kraal manure (KM) as a comparison. The experiment was set up as a Split-split design with 6 replications. Composting period was main plot, poultry manure type the split plot and mixing ratio as the splitsplit plot. The litter was mixed with garden soil in 2 ratios (3:1 and 1:1 soil: manure ratio) and tested for up to 12 weeks. Rape (Brassica napus) was used as a bioassay for maturity, which was determined at 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The pH declined slightly from 7 to about 6 for all treatments except for the kraal manure. Respiration trends were similar to electrical conductivity. Within 2 weeks of curing the respiration rate for all manures declined to below 4 mg CO 2 -C/ kg. At the end of 12 weeks curing Battery cage had highest total nitrogen (2.32 %), followed by Free range (1.25 %), Deep litter (0.73 %) and Kraal manure was lowest at 0.35 %). Maturity (rape survival) increased with compositing time. After 3 months of curing Kraal manure had highest survivability of rape. The DL at 1:1 ratio had the lowest survival of 67%. At 12 weeks except for BC at 3:1 all treatments had 100 % survival. The results showed that nitrogen rich manures (DL and BC) needed longer curing in order for them to reach maturity.

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Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment. A review

Cited by 1,939 publications

References 69 publications

Influence of natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting

Influence of natural zeolite and nitrification inhibitor on organics degradation and nitrogen transformation during sludge composting

Composts Produced From Pig Slurry Solids: Nutrient Efficiency and N-Leaching Risks in Amended Soils

Stability and Maturity of Different Poultry Manures and Potential Utilization for Horticultural Production

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