Composting Sewage Sludge: Basic Principles and Opportunities in the UK

Carroll, Barbara A.; Caunt, P.; Cunliffe, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-6593.1993.tb00829.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, previous studies have ranged from very high temperatures for short duration, such as above 200°C for 35 s under burning straw (Moss, 1980) to the longer duration but lower and inconsistent temperatures under mulches (Davies et al, 1993) and in composts. Much of the literature on composting relates to sewage sludge in which temperatures may reach 7O-8O0C, but which are usually maintained at 50-60°C to avoid lulling the micro-organisms necessary for breakdown of organic matter (Carroll, Caunt & Cunliffe, 1993). Where sewage sludge is mixed with agricultural residues, temperatures are also maintained in the range 55-65°C (Kuhlman, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of temperature on viability of imbibed weed seeds

Thompson

Jones

Blair

1997

Annals of Applied Biology

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Imbibed seed of 10 common arable weeds were placed in trays in initially moist soil and, after imbibing for 2 h, heated in ovenshncubators set to 31°C 42"C, 56°C 75°C or 100°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 days or at 102"C, 155"C, 204°C or 262°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 7.5 or 10 min. After heating, seeds were incubated for 28 days at 10/20"C or 20130°C on a 12 h darwlight regime, depending on species, and germination recorded. At the lower temperatures, germination of all species was prevented by temperatures of 75°C or higher for periods of 0.5 days or more. Germination was lower after treatment at 56°C than at 31°C or 42°C for all species except Rumex obtusifolius. The maximum temperature required to prevent germination varied among species and was of greater importance than the duration of heating. Germination was variable with duration of heating. At the higher temperatures, there was very little germination of any species after heating at 204°C for 7.5 min or 262°C for 5 min or more. Seeds were greatly buffered from the air temperature by 3 mm of soil, throughout the shorter duration of heating. The average temperature of the soil, over the 10 min heating required to prevent over 90% germination, varied among species and ranged from 48°C for Avena fatua to 65°C for R. obtusifolius. This work implies that composting systems maintained at 65°C are unlikely to provide an efficient method of weed control. Recommendations for improvement of the laboratory technique are suggested.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%