Composting versus mechanical–biological treatment: Does it really make a difference in the final product parameters and maturity

Vaverková, Magdalena Daria; Elbl, Jakub; Voběrková, Stanislava; Koda, Eugeniusz; Adamcová, Dana; Gusiatin, Zygmunt M.; Rahman, Aulia; Radziemska, Maja; Mazur, Zbigniew

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.030

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Other authors also point to the composition of the input material and its porosity [5]. On the other hand, some researchers are still concerned about this solution to waste treatment [6]. They show problems associated with the use of stabilized OFMSW and EU objectives set out in avoidance of biodegradable waste landfilling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fluctuation of Process Gasses Especially of Carbon Monoxide during Aerobic Biostabilization of an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste under Different Technological Regimes

Stegenta-Dąbrowska

Rogosz²,

Bukowski

et al. 2020

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant commonly formed during natural and anthropogenic processes involving incomplete combustion. Much less is known about biological CO production during the decomposition of the organic fraction (OF), especially originating from municipal solid waste (MSW), e.g., during the aerobic biostabilization (AB) process. In this dataset, we summarized the temperature and the content of process gases (including rarely reported carbon monoxide, CO) generated inside full-scale AB of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) reactor. The objective of the study was to present the data of the fluctuation of CO content as well as that of O 2 , CO 2 , and CH 4 in process gas within the waste pile, during the AB of the OFMSW. The OFMSW was aerobically biostabilized in six reactors, in which the technological regimes of AB were dependent on process duration (42-69 days), waste mass (391.02-702.38 Mg), the intensity of waste aeration (4.4-10.7 m 3 ·Mg −1 ·h −1 ), reactor design (membrane-covered reactor or membrane-covered reactor with sidewalls) and thermal conditions in the reactor (20.2-77.0 • C). The variations in the degree of waste aeration (O 2 content), temperature, and fluctuation of CO, CO 2 , and CH 4 content during the weekly measurement intervals were summarized. Despite a high O 2 content in all reactors and stable thermal conditions, the presence of CO in process gas was observed, which suggests that ensuring optimum conditions for the process is not sufficient for CO emissions to be mitigated. In the analyzed experiment, CO concentration was highly variable over the duration of the process, ranging from a few to over 1,500 ppm. The highest concentration of CO was observed between the second and fifth weeks of the test. The reactor B2 was the source of the highest CO production and average highest temperature. This study suggests that the highest CO productions occur at the highest temperature, which is why the authors believe that CO production has thermochemical foundations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fluctuation of Process Gasses Especially of Carbon Monoxide during Aerobic Biostabilization of an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste under Different Technological Regimes

Stegenta-Dąbrowska

Rogosz²,

Bukowski

et al. 2020

Data

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“…This process can be carried out in special bioreactors in a one-or two-stage system. Most of the time, the waste stays for at least 2 weeks in thermally isolated and aerated bioreactors (intensive phase), followed by a maturation phase of 6-12 weeks in open windrows (Dziedzic et al, 2015;den Boer and Jędrczak, 2017;Vaverková et al, 2020). Grzesik and Malinowski (2017) found that the biostabilization has a very negative effect on the environment due to odor emissions, leachate generation and final waste deposition to landfills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air-Flow Rate and Biochar Addition on the Oxygen Concentration in Waste and Emitted Gases During Biostabilization of Undersized Fraction from Municipal Solid Waste

Malinowski¹

2021

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Mechanical biological treatment of waste is still one of the most popular methods for mixed municipal waste treatment. The result of mechanical processing of waste is sorting out: the undersized fraction from municipal solid waste (UFMSW) with granulation below 80 mm, rich in biodegradable organic waste (mainly including food waste, paper, wood, etc.). UFMSW is treated in biological processes in order to reduce the negative environmental effect of this waste. Unfortunately, the processing is not neutral to the environment. The correct course of the aerobic biostabilization process depends on the activity of microorganisms, the intensity of aeration, and the oxygen content in the processed waste. The aim of this paper was to analyze the effect of air-flow rate and biochar addition on the oxygen concentration in waste and in emitted gases during the intensive phase of UFMSW biostabilization. The study was performed under laboratory conditions. Six different variants of the process (without biochar addition and using 1.5; 3; 5; 10 and 20% of biochar addition) were applied. Subsequent replicates were conducted using an averaged air-flow rate of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 m 3. d -1. kg dm.org -1 . As a result of the conducted experiments, it was found that both the air-flow rate and the addition of biochar have a significant effect on the oxygen concentration in the treatment waste, as well as its content in the outlet air. Using the highest air-flow rate resulted in the oxygen content not decreasing below 14%, both in the free spaces between the waste and in the emitted gases, while the addition of biochar significantly reduced the oxygen concentration. In the case of lower air-flow rate values, the oxygen content decreased even below 5%. It was found that a high addition of biochar (10 and 20% by weight) at the lowest air-flow rate resulted in the occurrence of anaerobic zones in waste in the first days of the intensive process (between days 2 and 6 of the process), as well as absence of oxygen in the outlet air (between days 2 and 4 of the process). Despite this, no methane (biogas) emissions were found in any of the conducted experiments.

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“…MSW is subjected to mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) [ 2 ], including (i) recovery of recyclable fractions and separation of materials with a high calorific value for the production of fuel from waste [ 3 ]; (ii) mechanical separation of a fraction ≤70 mm containing >50% of the biodegradable organic fraction (OFMSW); and (iii) aerobic high-temperature microbiological stabilization (composting) of mechanically separated OFMSW (ms-OFMSW) [ 4 , 5 ]. As a result, biostabilized residual waste (BSRW) is obtained [ 6 ], which is further subjected to disposal at landfills [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting

et al. 2021

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Mechanical-biological treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) facilitates reducing the landfill workload. The current research aimed to study general activity parameters, content, functions, and diversity of fungal and prokaryotic microbiota in mechanically separated organic fraction of MSW (ms-OFMSW) composting, without using bulking agents and process-promoting additives. During 35 days of composting, vigorous emission of CO2 (max. 129.4 mg CO2 kg−1 h−1), NH3 (max. 0.245 mg NH3 kg−1 h−1), and heat release (max. 4.28 kJ kg−1 h−1) occurred, indicating intense microbial activity. Immediately following the preparation of the composting mixture, eight genera of lactic acid bacteria and fungal genera Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Agaricus, and Candida were predominant. When the temperature increased to more than 60 °C, the microbial biodiversity decreased. Due to succession, the main decomposers of ms-OFMSW changed. The Bacillaceae family, the genera Planifilum, Thermobifida, and Streptomyces, and the fungal genera Thermomyces and Microascus were involved in the processes of organic matter mineralization at the high-temperature and later stages. The biodiversity of the microbiota increased at the stages of cooling and maturation under conditions of relatively high nitrogen content. Thus, the microbial community and its succession during ms-OFMSW composting were characterized for the first time in this work.

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Composting versus mechanical–biological treatment: Does it really make a difference in the final product parameters and maturity

Cited by 24 publications

References 79 publications

The Fluctuation of Process Gasses Especially of Carbon Monoxide during Aerobic Biostabilization of an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste under Different Technological Regimes

The Fluctuation of Process Gasses Especially of Carbon Monoxide during Aerobic Biostabilization of an Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste under Different Technological Regimes

Impact of Air-Flow Rate and Biochar Addition on the Oxygen Concentration in Waste and Emitted Gases During Biostabilization of Undersized Fraction from Municipal Solid Waste

Microbiota Dynamics of Mechanically Separated Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste during Composting

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