Compound types and properties of Utah and Athabasca tar sand bitumens

Characterization of Heavy Residua by Aapplication of a Modified D 2007 Separation and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

“…Alkyl groups on aromatic nuclei account for some of this saturates and thiophanlc type Sulfur contribute to the operational definitton of the fraction [Bunger et al (1979)l. As seen in the data in Table IV, EPR spectra were measured on the polar fractions of selected residua.…”

Dynamic surface tensions of Athabasca bitumen vacuum residue including the effect of dissolved air

“…Moschopedis and Speight [33] showed that sulfoxides were also significant interfacially active components. Other polar types such as the amides found in the acid or base fractions may also exhibit surface-active effects, either alone or in combination with other polar types [34]. Birdi and Kleinitz [35] studied several differences between aerated and oxygen-free crude oil with reference to asphaltene formation, interfacial activity, de-emulsification, bacterial stimulation and corrosion.…”

“…Changes in the composition and distribution of polar groups upon oxidation, therefore, were recognized as having significant effects on interfacial properties of bitumen, such as interfacial tension. Many crude oil or bitumen-aqueous studies have been carried out [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Bartell and Niederhauser [29] studied interfacially active components of Rio Bravo (California) crude oil.…”

Hydrophobic Aerogels for Oil-Spill Cleanup? Intrinsic Absorbing Properties

“…The same bands were seen in all the samples, except the oil extract from Experiment 15, and are assigned as follows from literature values (Rashid et al, 1989;Reynolds et al, 1997;Yang et al, 1988;Bunger et al, 1979;Peterson et al, 1971): 2959, 2931, and 2853 cm ¡ 1 (C-H stretching vibrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons) ; 1699 cm ¡ 1 (CˆO); 1605 cm ¡ 1 (aromatic or CˆC); 1460 cm ¡ 1 (methyl and methylene bridge); 1382 cm ¡ 1 (CH 3 on aromatics); and 1034 cm ¡ 1 (aromatics). The sample from Experiment 12 did show evidence of a higher concentration of carbonyl functionality.…”