Compounded bioidentical hormone therapy

Pinkerton, JoAnn V.; Santoro, Nanette

doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000420

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Natural hormones, such as 17β-estradiol and progesterone, are those that have a similar molecular structure to endogenous hormones. 28 , 52 , 53 Since the aftermath of the WHI, women have sought alternative options to treat their menopausal symptoms, with many in the United States turning to non-FDA-approved compounded hormones 54 and European women using complementary alternative medicine (CAM). 2 Women in this survey were fairly willing (34% to 50%) to accept a new prescription hormone therapy that was described as “containing hormones identical to those in a woman’s body”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviours and attitudes influencing treatment decisions for menopausal symptoms in five European countries

Constantine¹,

Graham

Clerinx³

et al. 2016

Post Reprod Health

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ObjectiveTo assess women’s behaviours and attitudes regarding the treatment of menopausal symptoms in five European countries.Study designWomen aged ≥45 years in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom participated in an internet survey. Completers were those who reported menopausal symptoms and had treated their symptoms. Women were equally stratified by age (45–54 years, 55–64 years, ≥65 years).Main outcome measuresBehaviours, attitudes, and experiences regarding treatment of menopausal symptoms.ResultsOf 3890 peri- to postmenopausal women screened, 67% experienced symptoms and 54% sought either medical input or some treatment concerning their symptoms. Hot flushes, the most common symptom, decreased with age but remained prevalent after age 64. Roughly 75% of women who sought relief consulted a physician, mostly a gynaecologist or a general practitioner (GP) as in the United Kingdom. The decision to seek treatment was influenced by age, number, and severity of symptoms. Approximately 79% visiting a physician received prescription therapy. Of the women who received non-hormone therapy (HT) treatment instead of HT: patients refused HT (20–44%), physicians did not discuss HT (32–46%), or advised against HT (24–43%). Women in the United Kingdom were most familiar with and favorable to HT. Interest in a new HT (34–50%) was higher than use (19–28%).ConclusionsMenopausal symptoms are common, persistent, and bothersome, but many fail to seek treatment. Sources and types of treatment vary among age groups and countries. Education regarding women’s attitudes toward treatment should be provided to those physicians who treat menopausal symptoms in each country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviours and attitudes influencing treatment decisions for menopausal symptoms in five European countries

Constantine¹,

Graham

Clerinx³

et al. 2016

Post Reprod Health

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“…However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which ET affects metabolism across tissues remains poorly understood. In addition, various formulations of custom-compounded "bioidentical" hormone therapies are used by 1-2.5 million women per year in the United States alone (8), despite a lack of evidence-based support for their safety and disease prevention claims (9) or U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Impact of 17β-estradiol on complex I kinetics and H2O2 production in liver and skeletal muscle mitochondria

Torres

Ryan

Lin

et al. 2018

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Naturally or surgically induced postmenopausal women are widely prescribed estrogen therapies to alleviate symptoms associated with estrogen loss and to lower the subsequent risk of developing metabolic diseases, including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the molecular mechanisms by which estrogens modulate metabolism across tissues remain ill-defined. We have previously reported that 17β-estradiol (E2) exerts antidiabetogenic effects in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by protecting mitochondrial and cellular redox function in skeletal muscle. The liver is another key tissue for glucose homeostasis and a target of E2 therapy. Thus, in the present study we determined the effects of acute loss of ovarian E2 and E2 administration on liver mitochondria. In contrast to skeletal muscle mitochondria, E2 depletion via OVX did not alter liver mitochondrial respiratory function or complex I (CI) specific activities (NADH oxidation, quinone reduction, and HO production). Surprisingly, E2 replacement therapy and E2 exposure induced tissue-specific effects on both CI activity and on the rate and topology of CI HO production. Overall, E2 therapy protected and restored the OVX-induced reduction in CI activity in skeletal muscle, whereas in liver mitochondria E2 increased CI HO production and decreased ADP-stimulated respiratory capacity. These results offer novel insights into the tissue-specific effects of E2 on mitochondrial function.

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“… 16 Consequently, many physicians and patients are unaware of the risks associated with CHT, and confusion about the differences between CHT and FDA-approved HT is common among consumers and physicians alike. 8 , 10 , 17 …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Data from recent surveys suggest that CHT users represent approximately 34% to 60% of the current users of HT (2-3 million women). 17 , 18 Younger CHT users (age 40-49 y) represent an even larger percentage of HT users (41% of women who have ever used HT), suggesting that women more recently initiating therapy have a higher likelihood of choosing CHT options. 18 …”

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confidence: 99%