Compounding of cellulose fibers with polypropylene: Effect of fiber treatment on dispersion in the polymer matirx

Raj, Rishi; Kokta, B. V.; Dembele, F.; Sanschagrain, B.

doi:10.1002/app.1989.070381103

Cited by 157 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Several cellulosic products and wastes such as shell flour, wood flour and pulp have been used as fillers in thermoplastics (Lightsey, 1983;Kokta, 1988;Maldas & Kokta, 1991). The influence of wood flour on the mechanical properties of polypropylene was studied by Raj et al (1989) and they found that the cost of material could be reduced without too much loss of elastic modulus. However, fibrous fillers are now gaining more importance over particulate fillers due to their high performance in mechanical properties.…”

Section: Sisal Fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood fibres are nonabrasive so that relatively large concentrations of fibres can be incorporated into polyolefins without causing serious machine wear during mixing and processing. Raj & Kokta (1989) have studied the mechanical properties of wood fibre filled medium density polyethylene (MDPE) composites. They observed a significant increase in modulus with increase in filler content.…”

Section: Sisal Fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Joseph

Filho

James³

et al. 1999

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

274

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The global demand for wood as a building material is steadily growing, while the availability of this natural resource is diminishing. This situation has led to the development of alternative materials. Of the various synthetic materials that have been explored and advocated, polymer composites claim a major participation as building materials. There has been a growing interest in utilizing natural fibres as reinforcement in polymer composite for making low cost construction materials in recent years. Natural fibres are prospective reinforcing materials and their use until now has been more traditional than technical. They have long served many useful purposes but the application of the material technology for the utilization of natural fibres as reinforcement in polymer matrix took place in comparatively recent years. Economic and other related factors in many developing countries where natural fibres are abundant, demand that scientists and engineers apply appropriate technology to utilize these natural fibres as effectively and economically as possible to produce good quality fibre reinforced polymer composites for housing and other needs. Among the various natural fibres, sisal is of particular interest in that its composites have high impact strength besides having moderate tensile and flexural properties compared to other lignocellulosic fibres. The present paper surveys the research work published in the field of sisal fibre reinforced polymer composites with special reference to the structure and properties of sisal fibre, processing techniques, and the physical and mechanical properties of the composites.Key words: sisal fibre, polymer, composites, structure, properties COMPÓSITOS POLIMÉRICOS REFORÇADOS COM FIBRAS DE SISAL RESUMOO uso da madeira como material de construção continua crescendo mundialmente enquanto a disponibilidade deste recurso natural está diminuindo. Esta situação tem conduzido ao desenvolvimento de materiais alternativos. Dentre os vários materiais sintéticos que têm sido explorados, os compósitos poliméricos reivindicam e buscam uma maior participação como material de construção. Nos últimos anos tem se observado um crescente interesse na utilização de fibras naturais como reforço de matrizes poliméricas para a produção de materiais de baixo custo. As fibras naturais são reforços com grande potencialidade e seu uso tem se dado de forma mais tradicional do que científica. Elas têm se prestado a inúmeras aplicações ao longo do tempo, mas a aplicação da tecnologia dos materiais visando a sua utilização como reforço de matrizes poliméricas é relativamente recente. As dificuldades econômicos e sociais observadas em muitos dos países em desenvolvimento, onde as fibras naturais são abundantes, requerem que cientistas e engenheiros apliquem tecnologias apropriadas para utilizar estas fibras da forma mais eficiente possível, de tal maneira que se possa produzir materiais compósitos poliméricos de boa qualidade visando a atender a demanda da população por habitações e componentes habi...

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Section: Sisal Fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sisal Fibre-reinforced Thermoplastic Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Joseph

Filho

James³

et al. 1999

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

274

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is known to improve the compatibilization between the hydrophobic LDPE matrix and hydrophilic fibers without any covalent chemical bonds between them. Raj and Kokta [15] investigated the influence of using various dispersing aids (stearic acid and mineral oil) and a coupling agent (maleated ethylene) in cellulose fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Both the tensile strength and modulus of the composites studied were found to increase with the fiber content when either strearic acid or mineral oil (1 wt% by weight of fiber) were added as processing aids during the compounding.…”

Section: Ldpe or Mldpe-based Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and characterization of reinforced polyethylene composites made with lignocellulosic fibers from Egyptian agro-industrial residues

Habibi

El‐Zawawy

Ibrahim

et al. 2008

Composites Science and Technology

252

116

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. Processing and characterization of reinforced polyethylene composites made with lignocellulosic fibers from Egyptian agro-industrial residues. Composites Science and Technology, Elsevier, 2009, 68 (7-8) Composite materials were processed from these natural lignocellulosic fibers using low density polyethylene and acid stearic as compatipilizer, or maleated low density polyethylene. The thermal and mechanical properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests, respectively. The morphology of processed composites was studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Better compatibility and enhanced mechanical properties were obtained when using maleated LDPE as compatibilizer. The chemical composition of fibers, in terms of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses contents, was found to have a strong influence on the mechanical properties of the composites.

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“…The determination of the optimum amount of surfactant is essential for efficient treatment. Insufficient amount does not achieve the desired effect, while excessive quantities lead to processing problems as well as to the deterioration of the mechanical properties and appearance of the product [217,221]. The amount of bonded surfactant can be determined by simple techniques.…”

Section: Non-reactive Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics

Móczó

Pukánszky

2017

Fillers for Polymer Applications

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The characteristics of particulate filled thermoplastics are determined by four factors: component properties, composition, structure and interfacial interactions. The most important filler characteristics are particle size, size distribution, specific surface area and particle shape, while the main matrix property is stiffness. Segregation, aggregation and the orientation of anisotropic particles determine structure. Interfacial interactions lead to the formation of a stiff interphase considerably influencing properties. Interactions are changed by surface modification, which must be always system specific and selected according to its 2 goal. Under the effect of external load inhomogeneous stress distribution develops around heterogeneities, which initiate local micromechanical deformation processes determining the macroscopic properties of the composites. INTRODUCTUIONParticulate filled polymers are used in very large quantities in all kinds of applications. The total consumption of fillers in Europe alone is currently estimated as 4.8 million tons (Table 1) [6]. In spite of the overwhelming interest in nanocomposites, biomaterials and natural fiber reinforced composites, considerable research and development is done on particulate filled polymers even today. The reason for the continuing interest in traditional composites lays, among others, in the changed role of particulate fillers. In the early days fillers were added to the polymer to decrease price.However, the ever increasing technical and aesthetical requirements as well as soaring material and compounding costs require the utilization of all possible advantages of fillers.Fillers increase stiffness and heat deflection temperature, decrease shrinkage and improve the appearance of the composites [9][10][11][12][13]. Productivity can be also increased in most thermoplastic processing technologies due to their decreased specific heat and increased heat conductivity [9,10,[14][15][16][17]. Fillers are very often introduced into the polymer to create new functional properties not possessed by the matrix polymer at all like flame retardancy or conductivity [18][19][20][21]. Another reason for the considerable research activity is that new fillers and reinforcements emerge continuously among others layered silicates [7,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], wood flour [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], sepiolite [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], etc.The properties of all heterogeneous polymer systems are determined by the same four factors: component properties, composition, structure and interfacial interactions [9,50]. Although certain fillers and reinforcements including layered silicates, other nanofillers, or natural fibers possess special characteristics, the effect of these four factors is universal and valid for all particulate filled materials. As a consequence, in this paper 3 we focus our attention on them and discuss the most important theoretical and practical aspects of composite preparation and use accordingly. The general rules of h...

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Compounding of cellulose fibers with polypropylene: Effect of fiber treatment on dispersion in the polymer matirx

Cited by 157 publications

References 0 publications

A Review on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

A Review on Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Processing and characterization of reinforced polyethylene composites made with lignocellulosic fibers from Egyptian agro-industrial residues

Particulate Fillers in Thermoplastics

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