“…The first category of work focused on the ML based approach techniques and have been developed to see how artificial intelligence (AI) can benefit the most challenging issues in database systems, including automate physical design phase (e.g., index and view recommendation), query performance prediction, 26 query plan optimization, 27 and self-tuning and admission control. 28 The main focus of each issue is to address one or more of the following cost-driven research questions: (i) How to use machine learning to provide comprehensible models for reconfiguring DBMS to avoid high risk incidents; 29 (ii) How to select the optimal query plan by applying DL for better query plan enumeration (e.g., References 30-33), (iii) predicting the database or workload performance under hypothetical resource or parameter changes, [2][3][4] (iv) Using supervised predictive models to recommend indexes for databases where a query execution cost increases after changing the indexes (e.g., References 34 and 35), and (v) self-tuning of several configuration parameters (e.g., buffer cache size) that can significantly affect the performance of a DBMS (e.g., References 10,36,37).…”