Our research interests over the past decade have focussed on the nature and consequences of literacy. In pursuit of these interests, we have advanced a theory of the relationship between the development of literacy and oral language competence, a theory which takes literacy as involving not only the ability to read and write but also a particular orientation to language, mind, and the world. Our effort has been to contribute to a general theory of the nature and consequences of literacy which would throw new light on the problems of learning to read and write. Our guiding assumption was that reading and writing are not simply skills which children acquire. Rather, learning to read and write are aspects of coming to live in and to understand and participate in a literate society, a literate society being distinguished by, at least, the following four properties: a tradition of writing and accumulating texts; the development of institutions for using texts; an evolved metalanguage for interpreting and otherwise orally talking about written texts; and institutions, primarily schools, for the induction of children into this literate society.Many writers have attempted to characterize these distinctive properties of a literate society, including such scholars as Havelock, McLuhan, Goody and Watt, and Ong. Our stance, based on the work of these writers, has been to look for evidence that a central dimension of literacy is the development of a particular attitude toward language, the treatment of language as an object, or, in other words, the treatment of text as an autonomous representation of meaning. What children
136Interchange 18/1-2 © The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education 1987