Comprehension of Legal Language by Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury

Wszalek, Joseph A.; Turkstra, Lyn S.

doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000434

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Deficits in this area can lead to difficulty attending to the trial process and communicating with legal personnel. Indeed, reduced processing speed, working memory, and verbal fluency have been linked to impaired accuracy and speed of comprehending legal social-exchange rules and written legal language among individuals with a history of moderate-severe TBI (Wszalek & Turkstra, 2019a, 2019b). Legal communication deficits have obvious implications for participation in rapid court proceedings, effective legal decision-making, and waiving Miranda rights.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological deficits associated with medical conditions: Implications for psychological services in criminal legal settings.

Hunter¹,

Kois²,

Gonzales³

et al. 2022

Psychological Services

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Criminal legal system-involved populations are disproportionally impacted by chronic health conditions relative to the general population. These discrepancies are thought to be due to both health disparities and increased likelihood to engage in health-compromising behaviors. Medical conditions can significantly influence neuropsychological functioning and, in turn, thinking and behavior relevant to clinical forensic decision-making and psychological practice in criminal legal settings. The aim of this article is to review medical conditions commonly observed among system-involved populations-specifically cardiovascular disease, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), traumatic brain injury, cancer, diabetes, and medication side effects-and describe the complex and important links between these conditions, their associated neuropsychological deficits, and applications to psychological assessment and treatment in criminal legal settings. Ultimately, this discussion will be useful to staff providing psychological services in these settings by increasing their familiarity with these concepts, and providing practical applications to inform their case conceptualization, assessment, and treatment services with system-involved individuals. Impact StatementMedical conditions are highly prevalent among criminal legal system-involved populations and can lead to neuropsychological difficulties. This article offers guidance to practitioners providing psychological services in criminal legal settings for identifying and integrating the cognitive effects of medical conditions into assessment and treatment practices.

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Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological deficits associated with medical conditions: Implications for psychological services in criminal legal settings.

Hunter¹,

Kois²,

Gonzales³

et al. 2022

Psychological Services

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These challenges may influence how an individual behaves and concurrently, how their behavior is perceived. For example, cognitive sequelae, such as memory and attention deficits may result in an individual not remembering rules, not responding, or being slow to respond to directions ( 14 ); forgetting an appointment, event, or conversation ( 15 ); or having difficulty articulating their thoughts and comprehending court and criminal proceedings ( 16 ). These behaviors may be misconstrued and viewed as defiant or uncooperative, leading to disciplinary actions by CJS staff ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation among individuals with traumatic brain injury who intersect with the criminal justice system: A scoping review

et al. 2023

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, is highly prevalent among individuals who intersect with the criminal justice system (CJS). It is well-established that TBI negatively impacts individuals' interactions both within the CJS and upon release and is associated with serious disciplinary charges and higher recidivism rates. Although rehabilitation is fundamental to TBI recovery, it is not known to what extent rehabilitation is available to, or used by, individuals who intersect with the CJS. This scoping review explores the availability and extent of rehabilitation for individuals with TBI who intersect with the CJS, based on available literature. A systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Clinical Trials, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, and Proquest Nursing and Allied Health), relevant organizations' websites, and reference lists of eligible articles identified 22 peer-reviewed articles and 2 gray literature reports that met predetermined eligibility criteria. Extracted data were synthesized through a descriptive numerical summary and qualitative content analysis. This review provides evidence that existing rehabilitation interventions are already serving individuals with TBI with a history of CJS involvement; however, they rarely consider or acknowledge TBI or CJS in their interventions. Findings also suggest opportunities to integrate rehabilitation for individuals with TBI who intersect with the CJS through TBI screening, education on TBI within CJS settings, and linkages to the community to facilitate continuity of care. This review also highlights significant gaps in knowledge regarding sex, gender, and other intersecting factors. Research to understand how these experiences impact the rehabilitation process throughout the CJS is urgently needed to enable timely and appropriate rehabilitation and continuity of care for diverse individuals with TBI who intersect with the CJS.

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“…These challenges experienced by individuals with a history of TBI can be long-lasting and can impact their interactions with the CJS [ 11 ], including increased likelihood of reoffending compared to individuals without a TBI [ 12 – 15 ]. For example, TBI may result in memory challenges (e.g., forgetting details of an event, conversation, or appointments) [ 16 ], difficulties in expressing thoughts and understanding the language used in court and criminal proceedings [ 17 ], and behaviours that are often viewed as defiant or uncooperative (e.g., not being able to focus or respond to directions, not understanding or remembering rules and inadvertently violating them, or slow verbal and physical responses that may be interpreted as uncooperative behaviour) [ 11 ]. If unaddressed, TBI and sequalae of TBI may lead to a cycle of reincarceration and recidivism [ 14 , 15 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for a scoping review on rehabilitation among individuals with traumatic brain injury who intersect with the criminal justice system

et al. 2022

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a leading cause of both death and disability worldwide, is highly prevalent among individuals who intersect with the criminal justice system. TBI is associated with increased behavioural, psychological, or negative outcomes, such as higher rates of mental health problems, aggression, and violent offending that may lead to negative interactions with the criminal justice system, reincarceration, and recidivism. Although rehabilitation is often recommended and holds promise in addressing TBI-related impairments, there is currently a paucity of reviews on rehabilitation for individuals with TBI who intersect with the criminal justice system (CJS). Concurrently, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no review that considers rehabilitation among individuals with TBI who intersect with all parts of the CJS (i.e., policing, courts, corrections, and parole). This protocol is for a scoping review to address the above gaps, specifically, to identify the types of rehabilitation interventions and/or programs available to, or used by, individuals with TBI who intersect with all parts of the CJS. Primary research articles that meet pre-defined inclusion criteria will be identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE® ALL, Embase and Embase Classic, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Clinical Trials, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Nursing and Allied Health, and Dissertation and These Global), reference lists of included articles, and scoping or systematic reviews. Grey literature will also be searched to identify non-peer-reviewed reports. Retrieved articles will be screened by two reviewers and any disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be summarized quantitatively and analyzed using content analytic techniques. Intersecting identities will be charted and considered in the analysis. Stakeholders will be engaged to obtain feedback on preliminary results and the implications of findings. The scoping review will summarize the current state of rehabilitation available to, or used by, individuals with TBI who intersect with all parts of the CJS to (a) inform opportunities to integrate rehabilitation in the criminal justice system for diverse individuals and (b) identify opportunities for future research.

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Comprehension of Legal Language by Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Neuropsychological deficits associated with medical conditions: Implications for psychological services in criminal legal settings.

Neuropsychological deficits associated with medical conditions: Implications for psychological services in criminal legal settings.

Rehabilitation among individuals with traumatic brain injury who intersect with the criminal justice system: A scoping review

Protocol for a scoping review on rehabilitation among individuals with traumatic brain injury who intersect with the criminal justice system

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