Comprehension of rapidly transforming landscapes of Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century

Abstract

Decoding a landscape as a palimpsest, a document overwritten again and again over the passage of time enables us to comprehend a landscape as a multilayered phenomenon, integrating past and present functions, ideologies and physical contexts (photography Mimi Urbanc).Razpoznavanje pokrajine kot palimpsest, kot dokument, sestavljen iz zapisov iz razli~nih obdobij omogo~a razumevanje pokrajine kot slojevit pojav, ki zdru`uje pretekle ter sedanje funkcije, ideologije in naravne danosti (fotografija Mimi Urbanc). IZVLE^EK: ^lanek prikazuje pokrajine kot naravni, zgodovinski, dru`beni in kulturni pojav, predvsem pa kot pomemben del ~lovekovega okolja. Teoreti~nemu delu, kjer predstavljamo pokrajinske spremembe, sledijo {tirje primeri iz Srednje in Vzhodne Evrope, s katerimi dokazujemo, da je dojemanje pokrajin v 20. stoletju nazadovalo. Skupaj z urbanizacijo, globalizacijo in drugimi dru`benimi procesi so hitro spreminjajo~e se dru`benoekonomske ureditve povzro~ile pretrganje vezi med ~lovekom in pokrajino: menjave oblasti vplivajo na predruga~enje dru`benih vrednot in zato se pokrajinske prvine razkrajajo, slabijo ali izginjajo, pokrajine pa posledi~no dobivajo novo ali le druga~no, preoblikovano podobo, vlogo in pomen. Vsaka sprememba v pokrajini zahteva svoj ~as, da se umesti, vendar neprestano spreminjanje meril, kaj je vredno in cenjeno, bega ljudi in ima otipljive posledice: depopulacijo, opu{~anje dejavnosti, divja odlagali{~a smeti, neustrezno infrastrukturo, regionalno neskladen arhitekturni razvoj itd. Zastavlja se vpra{anje, ali sodoben razvoj, turizma na primer, izbolj{uje odnos ljudi do pokrajine.KLJU^NE BESEDE: Srednja in Vzhodna Evropa, pokrajina, pokrajinske spremembe, dojemanje pokrajine, odtujitev.Prispevek je prispel v uredni{tvo 15. novembra 2004.

Transformation of the Jeruzalem Hills cultural landscape with modern vineyard terraces

“…Even though Antrop (2005) classifies the landscape of the Jeruzalem Hills among new European postmodern landscapes, its appearance is already fundamentally changing for a second time in half a century. The fact that, from the perspective of the traditional landscape these recent terraces are becoming an object of aesthetic valuation of landscape forms, despite their current disappearance, is confirmed by the findings of Urbanc et al (2004) that preserved visible landscape elements in new circumstances can acquire new meaning for future generations. The removal and insufficient maintenance of terraces accelerates erosion processes such as landslides, landslips, and soil erosion, which also occur on terraced slopes.…”

Perception of Land among Slovenians in the Context of Landscape Changes in Slovenian Istria [Istra]

“…Rapid changes of governments and the economic measures connected with this played a significant role. Istria is well in line with distinctive landscape changes that occurred in Central and Eastern Europe on extensive scale as stated by many papers (scharr & Geitner 2008, PalanG et al 2006, Urbanc et al 2004.…”

“…The feeling of belonging to a landscape -which in Istria is based on land to a great deal -to which people ascribe cultural and historical value and consider a living environment for their families and local communities assures us that people will not only be concerned for their own good, but also for the landscape itself (Urbanc et al 2004, p. 120, Felber rUFer, wastl-walter & baUer 2007. The study of attitudes towards the land and the landscape and application of the results in development programs will enable the balanced development of the living environment and ensure its stability.…”

Six Decades of Human Geography and Environmental Protection in Acta geographica Slovenica

“…Nearly half of the articles have addressed it as a palpable material unit of geographical reality, in which they thematize the cadastral survey under Emperor Francis I as being key to understanding it (Petek and Urbanc 2004), terraced landscapes in Slovenia (A`man Momirski and Kladnik 2009), landscape changes in the low-elevation karst of White Carniola (Pau{i~ and ^arni 2012), and its evaluation and opportunities for future development based on the case of Krk, the largest Adriatic island (Rechner Dika et al 2011). Other articles follow the modern trends of studying the cultural landscape, which is more of an intangible, felt, and perceived concept than something material (Ku~an 1997; Urbanc et al 2004;Staut, Kova~iã nd Ogrin 2007;Urbanc 2008;Fridl, Urbanc and Pipan 2009).…”