This dissertation is lovingly dedicated to my parents, Costas Kypris and Martha Baur. It would not have been possible without their encouragement and love. It is also dedicated to my friends, and to all teachers, formal and informal, that helped shape the person I am today. iii Τὰ πάντα ῥεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει. ῾Ηράκλειτος ὁ ᾿Εφέσιος (535 π.Χ.-475 π.Χ.) Everything ows and nothing abides.