Comprehensive Analysis of Penicillium Sclerotiorum: Biology, Secondary Metabolites, and Bioactive Compound Potential─A Review

Abstract

The filamentous fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum is significant in ecological and industrial domains due to its vast supply of secondary metabolites that have a diverse array of biological functions. We have gathered the metabolic potential and biological activities associated with P. sclerotiorum metabolites of various structures, based on extensive research of the latest literature. The review incorporated literature spanning from 2000 to 2023, drawing from reputable databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed, among others. Ranging from azaphilones, meroterpenoids, polyketides, and peptides group exhibits fascinating potential pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects, holding promise in pharmaceutical and industrial sectors. Additionally, P. sclerotiorum showcases biotechnological potential through the production of enzymes like β-xylosidases, β-D-glucosidase, and xylanases, pivotal in various industrial processes. This review underscores the need for further exploration into its genetic foundations and cultivation conditions to optimize the yield of valuable compounds and enzymes, highlighting the unexplored potential of P. sclerotiorum in diverse applications across industries.

Eurochevalierines A–I, Sesquiterpene Alkaloid Hybrids with Anti-Triple Negative Breast Cancer Activity from Penicillium sp. HZ-5

“…The genus Penicillium is distributed widely from plants, soil, and marine, and presents high significance from food biotechnology to plant pathology. − For example, these fungi can be used to produce blue cheese, penicillin, and biodegrade organic waste, and were especially famous for a necessary resource of a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. − In the biosynthetic pathway of fungi, the convergence of different core enzymes have created various complex hybrid natural products, − such as meroterpenoids − (Figure S1), originated from nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and terpene cyclases (TCs) . However, hybrid terpene–amino acid natural products are rare , (Figure S1).…”