Comprehensive Analysis of Port State Control on Turkish Flagged Ships Through the Association Rule Mining

Abstract

Ship inspections are one of the best ways of improving safety at sea. Therefore, it is vital to determine the parameters that cause deficiencies in the prevention of ship accidents. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the inspection results of Turkish flagged ships using the data mining model. Considering a total of 209 inspection reports resulting in the detention of Turkish flagged ships between 2014 and 2019, the Apriori Algorithm was applied using SPSS Modeler 18.0 software to determine the association rules of deficiencies detected. The study found that the safety of navigation, living/working conditions, and emergency systems are the main factors creating association rules in deficiencies. On the other hand, when the deficiencies causing detention were analyzed, the most frequently associated variables were safety of navigation, certificate/documentation, and emergency systems. The results of the study are supposed to be useful for the flag state control mechanism in order to improve the port state control performance of Turkish flagged ships. We recommend that further research collect more data on the inspection of ships flying other flags of all sizes to update the proposed models and improve their analysis performance.

Evaluation of Port State Control Inspections in Türkiye

“…Wang et al (2021) found that the biggest deficiencies in ship detentions during Tokyo MoU PSC inspections were caused by fire safety and navigational safety, using a Bayesian network model. Yang In addition, data mining (Tsou, 2019;Xiao et al, 2021;Sevgili & Töz, 2022) and statistical analysis studies (Arslan & Eyigün, 2016;Farag, 2016;Bolat, 2019;Ukić Boljat et al, 2020;Mantoju, 2021;Prieto et al, 2021;Şanlıer, 2020Kostović, et al, 2022, Turna & Öztürk, 2023Uçar & Boran, 2023) have also been carried out. Tsou (2019) There are also studies on the legal dimension of port state control (Keselj, 1999;Stoyanov & Terlemesian, 2004;Bang & Jang, 2012; and studies on stakeholders (Piniella et al, 2020;Nwokedi et al, 2023).…”

“…There have been studies on the analysis of the status of the Turkish flag in the MoUs (Bolat, 2019;Yılmaz, 2020;Uygur & Bolat, 2021;Sevgili & Töz, 2022;Kan, 2023), and some studies on the Black Sea and Mediterranean MoUs (Emecen Kara, 2016;Şanlıer, 2020;Akpınar & Şahin, 2020;Maşalacı & Çakır, 2023;Uçar & Boran, 2023). Looking at studies on Turkish flag ships, Bolat (2019) deficiencies were identified especially in the areas of navigational safety, fire safety and life-saving equipment of Turkish flagged ships, throughout the inspections of Tokyo MoU.…”

“…Kan (2023) aimed to identify and address the deficiencies of Turkish flag ships under the "MLC Convention" in the Paris MoU and concluded that a sustainable and conscious management approach should be adopted, working and seafarers' living conditions should be improved, trade union rights should be developed and grievance mechanisms should be established. Sevgili & Töz (2022) found that the main deficiencies causing the arrest of Turkish flagged ships in PSC inspections are navigation safety, documentation and documentation and emergency systems. Uygur & Bolat (2021) aimed to analyse the performance of Turkish flag ships in Paris MoU inspections and concluded that deficiencies have an impact on the detention decision of the ship, but the age of the ship has no effect on the detention decision.…”