Comprehensive Analysis of SARS-COV-2 Drug Targets and Pharmacological Aspects in Treating the COVID-19

Abstract

: Corona viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA (Ribonucleic acid) viruses and they cause pandemic diseases having a devastating effect on both human healthcare and the global economy. To date, six corona viruses have been identified as pathogenic organisms which are significantly responsible for the infection and also cause severe respiratory diseases. Among them, the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) caused a major outbreak of corona virus diseases 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviridae family members can affects both humans and animals. In human, corona viruses cause severe acute respiratory syndrome with mild to severe outcomes. Several structural and genomics have been investigated, and the genome encodes about 28 proteins most of them with unknown function though it shares remarkable sequence identity with other proteins. There is no potent and licensed vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and several trials are underway to investigate the possible therapeutic agents against viral infection. However, some of the antiviral drugs that have been investigated against SARS-CoV-2 are under clinical trials. In the current review we comparatively emphasize the emergence and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 and their infection and discuss the various putative drug targets of both viral and host receptors for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to overcome the viral outbreak.

Reviewing methods of deep learning for diagnosing COVID-19, its variants and synergistic medicine combinations

“…RT-PCR starts by in vitro transforming viral genomic RNA into DNA using RNA-subordinate SARS-CoV-2 to offer pharmacological elements in testing for epidemiology identifications [ 99 ]. This response depends on the little DNA arrangement of a molecular logic system intended to explicitly perceive correlative successions in the viral RNA genome and converse transcriptase to produce a short complementary DNA (cDNA) duplicate in viral RNA [ 100 ].…”

In Silico Therapeutic Study: The Next Frontier in the Fight against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants

“…Potentially effective small molecules have been prioritized using techniques like molecular docking simulations and network-based repurposing [24,25]. Molecular docking, aided by ML, has been a prevalent approach for virtual screening against the various SARS-CoV-2 proteins essential for viral replication and infection, including 3CLpro, Spike Protein, RdRP, M pro , ACE2 receptor, and TMPRSS2 protease [26,27], with deep learning-aided approaches gaining prominence for their automatic feature extraction, expediting discovery (Figure 2). Notably, protease has been a primary target due to its crucial role in viral replication and transcription [28].…”

Evaluating the structural and immune mechanism of Interleukin-6 for the investigation of goat milk peptides as potential treatments for COVID-19

“…Fatigue, fever, headache, runny nose, and dry cough are the most common symptoms, but some instances are found to be asymptomatic (Belvis, 2020). So far, no effective antiviral drugs have been reported in the literature, with vaccination being the most effective means against the spread and genetic mutation of the virus (Bhavaniramya et al, 2021;Kaur and Gupta, 2020). But still there is a lack of effective compounds or drugs which can readily treat the serious illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Dong et al, 2020).…”