Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear

Mansour, Salah; Magnan, Jacques; Ahmad, Hassan Haidar; Nicolas, Karen; Louryan, Stéphane

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15363-2

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…1,2 The chorda tympani nerve then passes between the incus and the malleus neck, enters the Huguier canal of the petrotympanic fissure above the tensor tympanic tendon, passes through the medial surface of the mandibular fossa, and finally joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa. 1,2 As the terminal branch of the intermediate nerve, the chorda tympani nerve carries sensory afferent taste fibers to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and secretory fibers to the anterior ganglion of the submandibular and sublingual glands. 2 Stretching or disconnection of the chorda tympani nerve during otologic surgery can lead to taste and salivary dysfunction, which affects patients' quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 As the terminal branch of the intermediate nerve, the chorda tympani nerve carries sensory afferent taste fibers to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and secretory fibers to the anterior ganglion of the submandibular and sublingual glands. 2 Stretching or disconnection of the chorda tympani nerve during otologic surgery can lead to taste and salivary dysfunction, which affects patients' quality of life. 3,4 Because of its anatomical course, the chorda tympani nerve is vulnerable to iatrogenic injury in the tympanic cavity in surgeries conducted through a transcanal or transmastoid approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study showed that the most significant variation in the tympanic segment of the chorda tympani nerve is the periannular segment, 10 which has a close anatomical relationship with the chordal eminence (CE). 2,10 Therefore, we propose a classification of the chorda tympani nerve based on the CE in order to clarify the relevant anatomical relationship, provide a more concise and practical classification system, and explore the secondary variations and corresponding neuroprotective strategies in special pathological cases. In addition, the imaging and surgical videos of four patients with secondary chorda tympani nerve variations were retrospectively analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chorda tympani nerve branches from the facial nerve, exits the mastoid segment of the facial nerve with a variable Plester's chordo‐facial angle, runs anterosuperiorly through the posterior canaliculus, and enters the tympanic cavity from the iter chorda posterius (ICP) located medial to the tympanic membrane 1,2 . The chorda tympani nerve then passes between the incus and the malleus neck, enters the Huguier canal of the petrotympanic fissure above the tensor tympanic tendon, passes through the medial surface of the mandibular fossa, and finally joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa 1,2 . As the terminal branch of the intermediate nerve, the chorda tympani nerve carries sensory afferent taste fibers to the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue and secretory fibers to the anterior ganglion of the submandibular and sublingual glands 2 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation and protection of the chorda tympani nerve in endoscopic ear surgery

Jiangtao

Chai

2022

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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Objective To observe and summarize variations of the chorda tympani nerve to effectively protect it during surgery. Methods Surgical videos of patients undergoing endoscopic ear surgery in the past 3 years were retrospectively observed to identify chorda tympani nerve variations. Results In total, 237 cases were reviewed. The tympanic sulcus or annulus was the boundary between the posterior wall of the external auditory canal and chordal eminence (CE). The chorda tympani nerve was divided into three types: type I, the periannular segment was located medial to the CE and covered by the bony eminence (32.5%); type II, the periannular segment was located inferior to the CE, and the nerve did or did not contact the bony edge of the CE (62.0%); and type III, the periannular segment was located lateral to the CE and medial to the tympanic annulus, and the iter chorda posterius was located in the tympanic sulcus (5.5%). The rate of injury to the chorda tympani nerve was 2.5% of 237 cases. The location of the iter chorda posterius on preoperative computed tomography was highly reliable for prediction of type I and III nerves. Secondary exposure of the posterior canaliculus might occur in patients with external auditory canal cholesteatoma, who were specifically included in this study. Conclusion CE‐based classification of the chorda tympani nerve can concisely describe variations of the chorda tympani nerve and provide guidance for neuroprotection during endoscopic ear surgery. Patients with external auditory canal cholesteatoma may have secondary exposure of the posterior canaliculus. Level of Evidence NA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation and protection of the chorda tympani nerve in endoscopic ear surgery

Jiangtao

Chai

2022

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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“…On the basis of endoscopic intraoperative findings and anatomical variation of monticules, the morphology of sinus tympani can be classified. 12 The facial recess lie lateral to facial nerve, bounded by fossa incudes superiorly and by the chorda tympani nerve laterally. Ponticulus & Subiculum are useful landmarks for retrotympanum 13 Epitympanum Pneumatized portion of the temporal bone superior to the mesotympanum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of a condylar fracture with a titanium miniplate via two approaches

Yaseen¹,

Abdullah²,

Jwery³

et al. 2018

JOENTR

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Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a common complaint in E.N.T clinics and many of the patients underwent medical or surgical intervention or both.Otoendoscopic evaluation of middle ear cleft hidden areas which are: (epitympanum, hypotympanum, supratubal recess, facial recess and sinus tympani) is of prime importance to discover any pathology which will change the plan for management. Aim of the study:To evaluate the middle ear (hidden areas) in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media by mean of otoendoscope to discover any pathology in those areas which may change the management plan to eradicate the diseases and restoration of hearing function. Patients and method:Hidden areas of the middle ear are evaluated with the help of 30 degree, 1.9 mm diameter and 18 cm shaft length otoendoscope through preexisting tympanic membrane perforation with aid of 10% Xylocaine spray as a local anesthesia. Any patient with chronic suppurative otitis media regardless the age, type and sex were included in this study.Results: Forty nine ears were included in current study and the age range was (12-76), male to female ratio was 1:1.5, and their common chief complaint was hearing impairment, surgery was done for 25 years (51%) Endoscopical findings were accurate in 88% of them and compatible with surgical findings.The commonest pathology was ossicular chain erosion 32 ears (65.3%) mostly involving the incus which was seen in 17 years (68%). Granulation tissue was seen in 15 years (30.6%), cholesteatoma was documented in 13 years (26.5%) and tympanosclerosis was reported in 10 years (20.4%).Conclusion: 1.The rigid otoendoscope is important tool in evaluating hidden areas. 2. High accuracy and relative simplicity encourages the use of otoendoscope preoperatively, however the lack of third dimension increase the liability for trauma. Journal of Otolaryngology-ENT ResearchForum Article Open Access Otoendoscopic evaluation of the middle ear hidden areas in chronic suppurative otitis media 177 Copyright: ©2018 Yaseen et al. Citation: YaseenET, Abdullah AH, Jwery AK, et al. Otoendoscopic evaluation of the middle ear hidden areas in chronic suppurative otitis media. Citation: YaseenET, Abdullah AH, Jwery AK, et al. Otoendoscopic evaluation of the middle ear hidden areas in chronic suppurative otitis media.

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Examination of sinus tympani, subtympanic sinus, and facial sinus with MicroCT

Geneci

Ocak

2022

Clinical Anatomy

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This study aimed to determine sinus tympani, subtympanic sinus (STS), facial sinus (FS) morphologies, and type distributions. Type distributions were based on their relations with the facial nerve (FN). A total of 20 right and 20 left temporal dry bones without physical deformation were scanned with a MicroCT device. All measurements were made using MicroCT programs from sections in the axial plane. For the FS, the average depth was measured as 3.485 mm without any classification, and 29 of the 40 bones had Type C radiological morphology. The mean depth for all sinus tympanicus was 2.646 mm, and 22 of the 40 bones had Type B morphology. For the STS, 29 out of 40 samples had no contact with the FN; regardless of the classification, the average depth was measured as 2.376 mm. We reveal the depths of the tympanic cavities and their relationship with the FN. The results of this study may benefit clinicians performing retrotympanum surgeries.

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Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Variation and protection of the chorda tympani nerve in endoscopic ear surgery

Variation and protection of the chorda tympani nerve in endoscopic ear surgery

Repair of a condylar fracture with a titanium miniplate via two approaches

Examination of sinus tympani, subtympanic sinus, and facial sinus with MicroCT

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