Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Condition After Various Crops

Plant growth regulators have a wide spectrum of physiological activity. Thanks to their action, resistance of soybean plants to adverse environmental factors, diseases, growth, development and quality is observed. Soy is the most widely used oilseed in the world. The world annual production of soybeans exceeds 260 million tons. It is the main edible plant and the main source of vegetable protein worldwide.The global demand for soybeans is constantly growing as its seeds provide essential proteins, oils and nutraceuticals. In an effort to meet the increased demand for this crop, it has become necessary to introduce cultural practices that promote adaptation to difficult environmental conditions, can improve soybean tolerance to abiotic stress and increase yields. Plant growth regulators are mainly used for this purpose due to their critical role in plant growth and development. One of the main growth regulators are such phytohormones as: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, brassinolides, ethylene, abscisic and jasmonic acid. Each of the groups of phytohormones produces its own characteristic action, which is similar in plants of different species. Cell division and elongation, which underlie all processes of growth and morphogenesis, are under the control of auxins and cytokines in plants, so their complete absence can lead to death. These compounds generally have a positive effect on the morphology, physiology and quality of the soybean crop. They are also able to regulate and control to a large extent the processes of growth and differentiation of plant cells. It should be noted that these phytohormones are required in small amounts for the activation and regulation of morphogenetic processes in soybean and other agricultural plants.

Growth Regulators That Increase Soyan Productivity

Daminova,

Sibgatullova

2023

Formation of the Productivity of Ecologically Plastic Spring Wheat Varieties in the Conditions of the Voluga Region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Serzhanov

Shaykhutdinov

Garaev

et al. 2023

The article is devoted to the issue of comparative cultivation of spring wheat varieties of different breeding schools: Simbirtsit - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture; Yoldyz GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture; Ekada 109 - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture, Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Samara Research Institute of Agriculture; Balkysh - GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture; Alvaris, Burlak - Penza Research Institute of Agriculture; Arhat - GNU Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture and Idelle - GNU Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture. Morphostructural indicators have varietal differences. On average, over three years, such varieties as Arkhat-91 cm, Balkysh - 73 and Ekada 109-72 cm turned out to be the tallest. In other varieties, this figure ranged from 67 to 71 cm. The largest number of spikelets in an ear, as well as the number of grains in an ear was formed in varieties Ekada 109, Yoldyz and Idelle. The largest leaf area per unit area on both feeding backgrounds was formed by varieties Ekada 109 – 33,2 ... 34,1 thousand m2 / ha and Arhat – 32,8 ... 33,5 thousand m2 / ha. Over the years of research, the yield of the tested varieties, both on the fertilized variant and on the natural background of nutrition, differed sharply. The most fruitful studies over the years have identified such indicators as Ekada 109 – 3,1 ... 5,79 t per ha, Burlak – 2,31 ... 4,91 and Yoldyz – 2,54 ... 4,3 application of fertilizers. The same varieties showed the best results on a natural background of nutrition. On average, over three years, the increase from different varieties was: in the variant without fertilizers, the variety Yoldyz 0,34 t/ha, Burlak 0,44 and Ekada 109 – 0,62 t/ha compared to the standard. On the variant with fertilizers 0,64; 0,97 and 1,24 t/ha, respectively.

Mineral Nutrition of Spring Wheat at Different Seeding Rates on Gray Forest Soils of the Kama Region of the Republic of Tatarstan

Amirov

Safiullin

2023

The quantity and quality of the resulting spring wheat harvests largely depends on the reasonable use of the necessary nutrients in specific soil and climatic conditions. The purpose of these studies is to study the features of the combined effect of organomineral fertilizers with pesticides on the productivity of spring wheat. Field experiments were conducted in 2020-2022 on the basis of AF "Ayu" LLC in the Arsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. Organomineral fertilizers Bar GumBar Max, Chudozem were used during pre-sowing seed treatment, during the treatment of crops with herbicide in the tillering phase of spring wheat and in the tube phase during the treatment of crops with insecticide. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with organomineral fertilizers in 2020 and in 2022 had a stronger impact on field germination than in the 2021 dry year. Non-root fertilizing with organomineral fertilizers in the phases of tillering and entering the spring wheat tube increased growth processes, increased the safety of seedlings for harvesting, increased the number of productive stems per unit area, grain weight from 1 ear, grain yield by 20% compared to the control. The use of organic fertilizers Batr GumBar Max contributed to the formation of spring wheat grain with a maximum gluten content in 2020 and in 2022 up to 24%, in 2021 dry year up to 29%. In the same variant, the maximum value of net income per 1 hectare and the lowest cost of 1 ton of grain were obtained.